BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Major Barriers for Hythane To give Hythane a chance, we should know the barriers that have hindered its breakthrough so far.

BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Major Barriers for Hythane Overview Statements from Bus- and Truck Manufacturer Natural Gas Supplier Fleet Operators State Authorities Outlook Summary

BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Barriers for Hythane Bus- and Truck Manufacturer Additional expenses (engine, anti-knock properties, materials) are not rewarded by the market Tax reduction for gas buses possibly ends in 2015 Additional hydrogen lowers the vehicles`range Higher efficiency But: Hydrogen is too valuable to be burned (→ fuel cell vehicles) And: hydrogen is made from NG and therefor not cheaper than NG

BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Barriers for Hythane Natural Gas Supplier Gas is paid for according to its caloric value (no extra bonus for blends) Hydrogen too expensive for everyday use (mostly heating) Investment and running costs for onsite blends at the filling station are high (+ swatch lock fittings) Demand from gas stations is low, for blends it would be minute NG has to meet regulations (German worksheet G 260)

BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Barriers for Hythane Fleet Operators Public transport company No interest in gas buses (low range, cumbersome filling process) Fleet operator Blends would only be used at lower price per caloric value At same price with other benefits (e. g. lower emission, regulation)

BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Barriers for Hythane State Authorities Interviews with environmental and traffic department Not on the agenda in our state Neither a topic in other German states But interest in the subject

BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Summary Major Barriers Technical Economical Ecological Regulatory

BongHy Workshop 06/19/06 Outlook „Sunshine Transit“ buses in North America Peijing plans an order of buses International conferences are held on the subject Gaze de France raises a filling station in Dunkirk Several EC projects deal with the subject