SOLUTIONS OF ACIDS & BASES Chapter 14, Section 3

Strengths of Acids & Bases  Depends on the number of molecules that break apart when they are dissolved in water

Acids  An acid is dropped into water…  If all of the molecules break apart, then it is a _______ acid  If only a few break apart, then it is a ______ acid strong weak

Bases  A base is dropped into water…  If all of the molecules break apart, then it is a ______ base  If only a few break apart, then it is a ______ base strong weak

Acids, Bases, Neutralization  Antacid + Stomach  Neutralization Reaction  NR – an acid and base react to form water & salt (neutralize)

The pH scale  Is used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is.  pH of 7 is neutral (not acidic or basic) – water  Basic: pH 8-14  Acidic: pH 1-6

Tell me whether it is acidic or basic and guess what number:  Detergents  Milk  Lemon Juice  Clean Rain  Acid Rain  Ammonia  Sea water  Human stomach  Coke  Saliva Detergents Milk Coke Lemon Juice Ammonia Sea Water Saliva Human stomach Clean rain Acid Rain

Indicators  Use a pH indicator scale to determine the pH level

pH & the environment  Different plants prefer different pH levels  Pine trees – pH 4-6  Lettuce – pH 8-9

More nature junk  Hydrangea flowers – different colors call for different pH levels high pH low pH

Salts  Are produced when an acid neutralizes a base  Sodium hydroxide - Used to make baking soda  Sodium nitrate - used to preserve food  Calcium sulfate – used to make wallboard (construction)

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