Biogeochemical Cycles

Defined: Movement of water through the atmosphere 75% of the earth is water 99% of water undrinkable (salty & frozen) Water recycles over and over

Water rises into the atmosphere in two ways: – Evaporation: Heat changes water from a liquid to a gas – Transpiration: Water evaporates from the leaves of plants through openings called stomata

Warm, moist air rises and eventually cools – Condensation: process where water vapor turns into a liquid Rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls when water drops become heavy (Precipitation)

Runoff: Water runs down hill into rivers, lakes, streams, oceans… Infiltration: Water soaks into the soil and collects as groundwater Process repeats

Animation Challenge Whose water cycle animation is better? Some guy on the Internet??? Or Mr. Kobe’s??

Water evaporates and rises Animation #1

Condensation: Clouds forms Animation #1

Precipitation: Water falls (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) Animation #1

Runoff: Water runs downhill Animation #1

Infiltration: Water soaks into the soil Animation #1

Cycle Repeats! Animation #1

The Hydrologic Cycle Animation #2

The Hydrologic Cycle Animation #2

The Hydrologic Cycle Animation #2

The Hydrologic Cycle RUNOFF INFILTRATION Animation #2

The Hydrologic Cycle Animation #2

Oxygen Cycle Autotrophs: Release O 2 into atmosphere via photosynthesis All life: Absorbs O 2 to be used during cellular respiration –R–Respiration: creates ATP energy for cells O2O2 O2O2

Carbon Cycle Carbon = (organic molecules) carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids Plants & autotrophs: – Intake: Absorb CO 2 from atmosphere  Create glucose & sugar via photosynthesis – Output: Release CO 2 during respiration CO 2

Carbon Cycle Consumers – Intake: Carbon moves up the food chain as 1 feeds on another – Output: Release CO 2 during respiration CO 2 C C

Carbon Cycle Decomposers – Input: Feed on dead organic matter – Output: Release CO 2 during respiration – Output: Organic molecules returned to soil during decomposition C C C

Carbon Cycle Human Industry – Output: Release CO 2 into atmosphere when fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are burned CO 2

Nitrogen Cycle N = 78% atmosphere (most unusable) Soil Bacteria –N–Nitrogen fixation: convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia –N–Nitrification: ammonia converted into nitrates N2N2 Ammonia Nitrates

Nitrogen Cycle Plants – Absorb nitrates through their roots Nitrates

Nitrogen Cycle Animals –I–Ingest nitrates through the food chain (plants eaten) Nitrates

Nitrogen Cycle Decomposers – Return ammonia to soil by feeding on dead matter Ammonia

Nitrogen Cycle Lightning –E–Energy breaks atmospheric nitrogen into Nitrogen oxide –N–Nitrogen oxide falls in rain to soil

Phosphorus (P) Cycle No phosphorus in atmosphere Rocks –P–Phosphorus released by weathering of rocks P P

Plants –A–Absorb P into their roots P

Animals – Ingest P when plants eaten – P continues to move up food chain P

Phosphorus (P) Cycle Decomposers – Breakdown dead matter and release P into soil P P

Phosphorus (P) Cycle Human Contribution – Adding excess P from fertilizers – P washes into lakes, etc… – Excess P causes extreme algae growth P P PP P P