Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2003. 1 Truth and Honesty in Media Communications.

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Presentation transcript:

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, Truth and Honesty in Media Communications 15 January 2009

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, Topics of Discussion I. Truth Defined II. Importance of Truth III. Continuum of Truth IV. Standards of Journalistic Truth V. Compromises to Journalistic Truth VI. Sins to Journalistic Truth VII. After Thoughts: Truth Telling Approaches

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, I. Truth Defined A value sans deception and lying DECEPTION: the communication of messages intended to mislead others into believing something that one himself/herself does not believe DECEPTION: the communication of messages intended to mislead others into believing something that one himself/herself does not believe LYING (a subcategory of deception): the communication of messages that one knows is false LYING (a subcategory of deception): the communication of messages that one knows is false

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, II. Importance of Truth It demonstrates a respect for persons. It demonstrates a respect for persons. It builds trust among individuals and institutions. It builds trust among individuals and institutions. It strengthens individual autonomy and the democratic process. It strengthens individual autonomy and the democratic process.

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, III. Continuum of Truth In media practice, the truth is rarely seen as a complete dichotomy from falsehood. In media practice, the truth is rarely seen as a complete dichotomy from falsehood. Truth follows a continuum: Truth follows a continuum: ( -- ) Deception and blatant lies ( -- ) Deception and blatant lies ( - ) Fiction and new journalism ( - ) Fiction and new journalism ( + ) Advertising and selective information ( + ) Advertising and selective information (++) Absolute truth (++) Absolute truth

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, IV. Standards of Journalistic Truth Accurate Accurate It is a sin to fabricate or alter the substance of quotes even when they reflect the truth of what was said. Essentially complete so as to promote understanding Essentially complete so as to promote understanding Fair and balanced Fair and balanced

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, V. Compromises to Journalistic Truth “Feeding frenzy”/ herd mentality “Feeding frenzy”/ herd mentality News staging News staging News re-enactments News re-enactments Digital manipulation Digital manipulation Undercover reporting Undercover reporting

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, Considerations on Compromises The principle of veracity does not condemn every lie but requires that moral agents prove that their lies are necessary as a last resort. - Sissela Bok The principle of veracity does not condemn every lie but requires that moral agents prove that their lies are necessary as a last resort. - Sissela Bok A three-step test should be applied for employing deceptive news-gathering techniques. - Kovach and Rosential A three-step test should be applied for employing deceptive news-gathering techniques. - Kovach and Rosential

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, Considerations on Compromises THREE-STEP TEST: 1. The information must be sufficiently vital to the public interest to justify deception. 2. Journalists should not engage in masquerade unless there is no other way to get the story.

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, Considerations on Compromises 3. Journalists should reveal to their audience whenever they mislead sources to get information, and explain their reasons for doing so, including why the story justifies the deception and why this was the only way to get the facts.

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, VI. Sins to Journalistic Truth 1. Fabrication 2. Plagiarism* (lack of attribution): taking of one’s idea/expression and passing it off as your own 3. Misappropriation* (lack of authorization): unauthorized use of someone else’s literary expression, e.g., digital sampling * INTELLECTUAL DISHONESTY

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, VII. Truth Telling Approaches Kantian. It is wrong to lie. Kantian. It is wrong to lie. Teleological. Consider the greatest good for the greatest number. The end justifies the means. Teleological. Consider the greatest good for the greatest number. The end justifies the means. Golden Mean. Strive for balance. Golden Mean. Strive for balance.

Source: Day, Luis Alvin. Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, We live in a world of limited truth. - Richard Reeves