Government Standard 1 1.) Explain historical and philosophical origins that shaped the government of the United States, including the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and the influence of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the Great Awakening. Comparing characteristics of limited and unlimited governments throughout the world, including constitutional, authoritarian, and totalitarian governments Examples: 1. constitutional 2. authoritarian 3. totalitarian

Magna Carta 800 year anniversary Agreement (treaty) with Barons (nobility) and king Foundation of parliamentary government (legislative) Rule of Law, not man (king couldn’t govern any way he wanted) Due process of law No taxation without representation (king had to ask popular consent for tax money)

Petition of Right, 1628 England document Liberties that the king could not infringe on. Four parts 1.To tax without Parliament 2.Habeas Corpus: can’t put someone in jail without telling them what they did and the person has to be brought to court 3.No martial law in peace time 4.No quartering soldiers in citizens’ homes

Petition of Right, affect on US documents Limited government Individual liberty comes before king’s authority Inspired Bill of Rights, limits of power; political liberties regardless of relation to the king;

English Bill of Rights, 1689 Parliament Separation of powers Limiting the power of the king or queen Enhanced freedom of speech Protected certain rights No taxes without Parliament No excessive bail No cruel and unusual punishment

Mayflower Compact First governing document of Plymouth Colony Fleeing religious persecution A social contract: follow rules Influences: follow rule of law; self-governing; religious freedom

Virginia Declaration of Rights Created May 1776 Inherent (always there) rights of man Self-government Influenced: 1.Declaration of Independence 2.US Bill of Rights 3.Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (French Revolution) 4.People: Thomas Jefferson; James Madison; LaFayette

Thomas Hobbes “Government is needed” NOT in favor of democracy Believed in having an Absolute monarch Social contract theory: people agree to be governed. Influenced the Constitution from the standpoint that people have a relationship with government.

John Locke Dif. From Hobbes, rejected the “divine right” Limited government Gov’t is morally obligated to protect : – LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY Legislative should be most powerful branch Freedom of religion

Montesquieu Separation of powers Balance of powers

Rousseau Social contract: self govern Individual right of freedom is most important

Great Awakening, Americans became more like Americans and less like colonists Relig: God to Church to the people – God to the people – So that meant that instead of God-ruler-people; God-people-ruler Growth of the idea of state rule People agreed to live together and be bound by a central government

Great Awakening People thought that they had an Independent spirit; so that led to an independent thinking about government

characteristics of limited and unlimited governments throughout the world: 1. constitutional 2. authoritarian 3. totalitarian

constitutional United States of America

authoritarian Saudi Arabia China

totalitarian North Korea Cuba Iran ISIS