5 Themes of Geography World History

SH World History Text World History Text

Cartography Maps v. Globes Maps v. Globes –Map projections  Mercator –Distortion increases in size and distance as you move from equator. Useful for early sailors because of true directions and shapes  Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area –True size and shape, distance is distorted  Robinson –Flattens out polar areas

Mercator (1569) Positive: used by sailors because it preserves linear scale and allows straight course lines. Also preserves angles and shapes Negative: scale is distorted especially towards the poles

Interrupted and Robinson Projections An equal area image. Problem? A compromise between equal area and conformal Interrupted projection

Location Location Regions Regions Place Place Movement Movement Human Environment Interaction Human Environment Interaction Five Themes of Geography

Location Absolute Location Exactly where something is found on a map Exactly where something is found on a map Latitude Latitude –Measures North and South –Equator (0 degrees) Longitude Longitude –Measures East and West –Prime Meridian (0 degrees) Relative Location 2 Miles South of Essex 2 Miles South of Essex Must have current knowledge of the area Must have current knowledge of the area Where in the world a certain place is found; Absolute and Relative

Region A large area that has common characteristics A large area that has common characteristics Physical (examples) Physical (examples) –Landforms –Climate Cultural (examples) Cultural (examples) –Religion –Language

Place What an area looks like in physical and human terms What an area looks like in physical and human terms –One particular area Physical Physical –Landforms –Soil –Climate Human Human –Cultural Region = Large Region = Large Place = Small Place = Small

Movement The transfer of peoples, goods, and ideas from one place to another. The transfer of peoples, goods, and ideas from one place to another. Cultural Diffusion Cultural Diffusion –Items from one cultural are used by another culture What causes Cultural Diffusion? What causes Cultural Diffusion? –Trade –Migration –Conquest –Religion

Human Environmental Interaction How humans and the environment have changed How humans and the environment have changed –How the environment has changed humans –How humans have changed the environment to suit their needs What are some examples of Human Environmental Interaction that you used today? What are some examples of Human Environmental Interaction that you used today?

Examples of H.E.I.

Exercises: Using the map at the front of the room, find the countries at the following degrees: Using the map at the front of the room, find the countries at the following degrees: n, 100 w n, 100 e n, 20 e n, 160 e s, 60 w s, 50 e What are Relative locations of the following areas: What are Relative locations of the following areas: 1. Baltimore 2. Wheeler Hall 3. Johns Hopkins University 4. Towson Mall 5. Catonsville

1_____ 15 S and 75 W 1_____ 15 S and 75 W 2_____ 30 N and 15 E 2_____ 30 N and 15 E 3_____ 45 N and 105 E 3_____ 45 N and 105 E 4_____ 45 N and 120 W 4_____ 45 N and 120 W 5_____ 30 S and 120 E 5_____ 30 S and 120 E 6_____ 45 N and 0 6_____ 45 N and 0 7_____66 S and 60 W 7_____66 S and 60 W 8._____75 N and 45 W 8._____75 N and 45 W 9_____22.5 N and 75 E 9_____22.5 N and 75 E 10_____64 N and 15 10_____64 N and 15