THE PERIODIC TABLE CH# 5
Outcomes/Objectives: Things you will be able to do Explain the Progression of the Periodic Table from Mendeleev and Moseley to the Modern Form. Utilize the Internet to Research, Construct, & Present a PowerPoint Presentation on an Element of Your Choice. Describe Common Properties of Metals. Identify Characteristics of Alkali, Alkaline, Transition, & Rare Earth Metals. List Properties of Nonmetals and describe why they are Different than Metals. List the Properties and Location of Metalloids. Identify Characteristics of the Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen Groups, Halogens, and Noble Gases. Test Preparation: Study Daily, Complete All Assignments,Stay 10 th, Stay on Task (Focus), PLEASE ask for HELP when LOST
Q: What does periodic mean? A: Q: What are some events that are periodic? A:
HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) –Russian Chemist and Teacher –Created 1 st organized Periodic Table ≈ 63 Elements 1. Cue cards with descriptive information about each 2. Ordered cards according to 3. Grouped Elements with 4. Undiscovered or “missing” Elements created problems. 5.
HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Henry Moseley –Researched with Rutherford
Modern Periodic Table The Elements are arranged according to Valence Electrons: GROUP:“FAMILY” Elements contained in them have similar properties b/c……
Modern Periodic Table PERIOD: ***Special Note***
METALS Properties of Metals: Why can they conduct? Why are they malleable and ductile? WHY???????????????
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS ALKALI METALS GROUP #1: Alkali Metals Very Reactive due to 1 Valence Electron Found in nature only in compounds Form Salts (NaCl, KI) Very soft, low densities, low melting points USES: Lithium: Lithium hydroxide = Batteries Lithium Carbonate = treatment for manic depression Francium = very unstable K, Rb, Cs react with great violence Hydrogen: Set apart from the table b/c it reacts like a metal and nonmetal. Largest use is in the production of Ammonia NH 3
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS ALKALINE METALS GROUP #2: ALKALINE METALS Reactive due to 2 Valence Electrons Found in nature only in Compounds
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS ALKALINE METALS ALKALINE METALS USES Magnesium: Magnesium Chloride = Milk of Magnesia CALCIUM: CALCIUM COMPOUNDS = BONES –Fact: As you get older your bodies ability to take Ca out of food decreases so your body starts using Ca from the from the Bones. Leaving Pin holes. “ Osteoporosis ” –Calcium Chloride = de-ice roads –Calcium Carbonate = Limestone, Chalk, Shells Beryllium: lightest, rare, strong, high melting point Used in anti-spark tools, mixed with Copper to make alloys that conduct and are wear resistant.
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS TRANSITION METALS GROUP 3 THROUGH 12:
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS RARE EARTH METALS (UNSTABLE) LANTHANIDE SERIES: (58-71) USES: ACTINIDE SERIES: (90-103)
NONMETALS PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS:
METALLOIDS Properties of Metalloids:
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS BORON GROUP BORON: Metalloid ALUMINUM: Metal
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS BORON GROUP Carbon: Nonmetal Silicon: Metalloid Tin: Metal Lead: Metal
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS NITROGEN GROUP Nitrogen: Nonmetal Phosphorus: Nonmetal Arsenic: Metalloid Antimony: Metalloid Bismuth: Metal
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS OXYGEN GROUP Oxygen: Nonmetal Sulfur: Nonmetal Selenium: Nonmetal Polonium: Metalloid
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS HALOGENS Fluorine: most reactive Nonmetal Chlorine: Nonmetal, green gas Bromine: Nonmetal Iodine: Nonmetal
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS NOBLE GASES
*****HYDROGEN***** Fusion is the joining of two light nuclei to produce a heavier one. Mass is lost and a tremendous amount of energy is released (even more than the energy released in nuclear fission). Solar energy is a form of fusion energy. When two isotopes of hydrogen combine at very high temperatures, fusion occurs. A diagram of nuclear fusion is shown below