Bio-Controls: Bacterial Infection Fundamentals By Ryan Murray

Need Crops decimated by Pythium (Stietsma, 1973)

Need Corn Fields killed by Stewarts

Former Methods of Control DDT DDT Dioxin (Agent Orange) Dioxin (Agent Orange)

Bio Controls Espinoza (2006) and Garsney (2001) Espinoza (2006) and Garsney (2001)

Purpose Finding bio controls- fight off diseases and pests Finding bio controls- fight off diseases and pests Alternate Hypotheses 1.If Soybean Plants exposed to Pythium and Fusarium are treated with P.Putida, Fungal Mycelium, and S. griesevoridis, the infections will decrease 2. If soybean plants exposed to Root Knot Nematodes are treated with Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, the infestation will decrease.

Pythium Root Rot (Gubler, 1999) (Shapiro, 2002) (Pickens, 2006)

Lit Review (Sietsma,1973) (Sietsma,1973) Pythium reduced Pythium reduced Inorganic Salts Inorganic Salts Fungal Mycelium

Fusarium (Ajello,1979)

Lit Review (Tari,1988) (Tari,1988) Fusarium- by P.putida Fusarium- by P.putida Higher protection-injecting plants with bacterium Agg+ Higher protection-injecting plants with bacterium Agg+

Root Knot Nematodes Ester (2003) Ester (2003) Rhabditid Nematode attacking root knots Root- Knot Nematodes

Stewart’s Disease (Munkvold, 2000) (Stevens-Boewe, 2006)

Pseudomonas Putida (Kachlany, 2002)

S. griseoviridis Against resident levels of Fusarium- reduced Fusarium infection by 16% Against resident levels of Fusarium- reduced Fusarium infection by 16%

Similarity Distinct similarities between the three diseases. Distinct similarities between the three diseases. SOYBEAN PLANTS Soybean yields are affected quantitatively and qualitatively by fungi, insects, nematodes, and viruses (Domier, 2009)

METHODOLOGY N= 40 Soybean Plants N=10 Exposed to Pythium N=10 Exposed to Fusarium N=10 Exposed to Stewart’s (rootknots) Treated with P.putida, Fungal Mycelium and S. griseoviridis Treated with Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Time = 30 days Daily Measurements taken using Diluting Fluid (measuring volume of bacterial infection) and Leaf health scale SPPS Statistical Analysis by ANOVA comparing the various bio controls to the control followed by Sheffe Post Hoc Test where p<.05 N=10 ControlN=10 Exposed to Root Knots (No Stewarts)

Protocols for Bacteria All strains must be kept isolated from one another to avoid contamination All strains must be kept isolated from one another to avoid contamination Plants infected by injection or pin-prick method Plants infected by injection or pin-prick method Root Knots exposed to Stewarts by ingestion in medium Root Knots exposed to Stewarts by ingestion in medium

Budget Plan Vendor Order NumberQuantDescriptionPrice Carolina Online Pseudomonas Putida, Living tube$9.20 CarolinaNP Fusarium Oxysporum$9.20 Cornell University-Xiaohong Wang1Root Knot Nematodes Carolina Online Walter QZG Zoom Stereomicroscope$ BD CATALOG Diluting fluid- used to count Bacteria Carolina Online Pyrex® Vista™ Test Tubes 50 count$14.50 Cornell University-Xiaohong Wang1Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Carolina Online Bean, Soy, Viable Seed, 1 lb$8.75 Still SearchingFungal Mycelium

Do- Ability 1. Pythium, Fusarium, and Root Knots obtainable by online and collegiate sources 2. P.Putida, Mycelium, S. griseoviridis, and Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita; available online at Carolina and at other sources

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