ETHIOPIA Land of Discovery

PRESENTED BY SASKATOON OPEN DOOR SOCIETY CULTURAL BRIDGING PROGRAM

Area and Population POPULATION: 93,815,992 (July 2011) TOTAL AREA: LAND: 1 MILLION SQ KM WATER: 104,300 SQ KM Source: CIA FACT BOOK

Ethiopia

Language

There are 84 languages spoken including Amharic. These languages are categorized in four groups: Semitic Cushitic Oromotic Nilo-Saharan There are 200 different dialects.

Economy Major Industrial Products: Textiles, leather, cement, metal products, paper, automotive and tractor assemble, tires, etc Major Agriculture Products: Coffee, tea, oilseeds, cotton, tobacco, fruits, pepper, sugar cane, fish and livestock Imports and Exports Exports: coffee, oilseeds, hides and livestocks Imports: machinery equipments, industrial inputs, pharmaceuticals and chemicals

Landscape

History

LUCY The first hominid remain known as LUCY (about 3.2 million years old) were found in Ethiopia.

Queen Sheba & King Solomon

Emperor Menelik II reigned from 1889 to 1913

Empress Zewditu “Queen of all Kings”

Haile Selassie Haile Selassie is crowned emperor in During his reign, slavery is abolished and Ethiopia begins to modernize. Coffee becomes a major crop and export. The military pushes Haile Selassie out and ends the monarchy. A harsh socialist state is established.

Timeline history of Ethiopia 4 million years ago 400 B.C.300s A.D s Hominids, early ancestors of humans, live in what is now eastern Ethiopia. It is one of their earliest known locations. The Kingdom of Aksum, in northern Ethiopia, is born. It evolves into a rich trading nation by the first century A.D. Christianity becomes the official religion of the Kingdom of Aksum. The Zagwe Dynasty rules over the northern highlands. The kings introduce a sense of unity and stability. The Ethiopian holy book, the Kebra Negast (Glory of the Kings), is published. It describes the legendary Queen of Sheba’s visit to the court of King Solomon in Jerusalem in the 10th century B.C. The Kefu Qan (Evil Days), one of Ethiopia’s most severe famines, is triggered by a cattle plague and drought. Ethiopians defeat Italy in the Battle of Adwa. It is the first time Africans defeat a European power’s attempt to conquer land. Haile Selassie is crowned emperor. During his reign, slavery is abolished and Ethiopia begins to modernize. Coffee becomes a major crop and export. Italy occupies Ethiopia. Haile Selassie forms an alliance with Britain. In 1941, Ethiopian and British forces drive Italian forces out of Addis Ababa. The military pushes Haile Selassie out and ends the monarchy. A harsh socialist state is established. A border war between Ethiopia and Eritrea costs over 70,000 lives. A peace agreement is eventually reached. The Ethiopia-Eritrea border remains closed.

Religion

HABESHA MOSQUE

ETHIOPIAN SYNAGOGUE

17 th Century Portuguese Catholic Church in Ethiopia

ETHIOPIANS

Ethiopia is a multi- cultural and multi-ethnic country. The diversity is so beautiful and so extraordinary. A country of great antiquity with a culture and traditions dating back more than 3000 years.

Family & Values

Family members work as a unit where father or eldest son has the leading role. Men are expected to make decisions especially at times of crisis.

Education CanadaEthiopia Duration of Compulsory education 11 yrs6 yrs Pupil-Teacher Ratio (primary) Pupil-Teacher Ratio (secondary) Literacy rate (men) 25.1% (Adults at high literacy) 28.6% Literacy rate (women) 42.9% (Adults at low literacy) 33.8% Unemployment with secondary education (based on the % of total unemployment) 30.8%61.3%

Primary School (Grades 1-4)

Primary School (Grades 5-8)

Secondary Schools At the end of the second cycle of primary education all students in all regions are required to take the 8 th Grade National Examination. Selection to secondary schools is based ln the National Examination results and availability of openings in the regional schools. Secondary enrollment is about 30%

EGSECE The Ethiopian General Secondary Education Certificate Examination Grade 10 National Examination Students are streamlined into Academic (College preparation) and Vocational and Technical Schools based on their results.

ESLCE Ethiopian School Leaving Certificate Examination The secondary education begins at Grade 9 and ends by Grade 12. At the end of Grade 12, student sit for the ESLCE. A minimum of 2.0 on a scale of 4.0 is needed for a student to move on to higher education. They are tested on five subjects including Math and English.

My Education Experience

Challenges

Ethiopia is the largest coffee exporter. Immense potential for mining: Gold Tantalum Platinum Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Also, water resources and hydropower, geothermal, and solar energy potential.

Unemployment with secondary education is very high.

Ethiopian Youths in Canada

Beautiful Ethiopia

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