Types of Mutations Graphic Organizer

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Presentation transcript:

Types of Mutations Graphic Organizer Protein Synthesis Types of Mutations Graphic Organizer

Point vs. Gene Mutations Point Mutations only affect a SINGLE nitrogen base. May not cause any noticeable mutation if the amino acid is not changed. May also occur in the buffer or junk zones of DNA Chromosomal Mutations affect entire or sections of a chromosome Multiple Genes are affected Always causes some type of change.

Substitution One Nitrogen base is replaced with another nitrogen base. Total number of bases in the sequence does not change. MISSENSE – amino acid does change NONSENSE – amino acid is changed to a STOP SILENT – amino acid does not change

Insertion An extra base is inserted into the sequence. The number of bases will increase This is also called a FRAMESHIFT

Deletion A base is removed or deleted from the sequence. The number of bases will decrease. This is also called a FRAMESHIFT

Deletion A section of the chromosome is removed or deleted. The chromosome becomes shorter. Smith Magenis Syndrome is an example

Duplication Sections of the chromosome are repeated or copied. They have extra genetic material Oncogenes (genes linked to cancers such as Breast, Ovarian, Colon Cancers) are the result of duplication mutations

Inversion A portion of the chromosome has broken off, turned upside down and reattached. The order of the genes and bases has been changed. An inversion of Chromosome 9 is known to lead to an increase in miscarriages or infertility. Most common inversion in humans.

Translocation A portion of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome Some cancers, infertility issues and Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) have been linked to Translocation mutations.

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