Enzymes Textbook Pages 69-74

Enzymes are important Digestion, Immune function, cell division, etc. Basically everything produced or changed in our bodies When enzymes go wrong – Lactose intolerance – Diabetes – *thyroidism – Death

What is an enzyme? Catalyst – Substance that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in it – In other words, reduces the activation energy of a specific reaction

Ok, but how do they work? Work on a particular substrate Bind to the substrate to form the enzyme- substrate complex Then breaks apart into: 1) Products of the reaction 2) Unchanged enzyme

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Models of enzyme function Lock and key model

Models of enzyme function Induced fit model

Factors that influence enzyme activity Temperature – 37 °C for humans mostly – Denaturation Concentration of enzyme Concentration of substrate pH – Stomach vs. Intestines

Enzyme Cofactors of Coenzymes Molecules or elements that bind to enzymes to allow them to function – Ex: Zinc, B vitamins

Enzyme inhibition Competitive inhibitors

Enzyme inhibition Noncompetitive inhibition

Allosteric regulation

Negative feedback inhibition