The Human Body: An Orientation PART 2 The Human Body: An Orientation

Dorsal hollow nerve cord Notochord and vertebrae Segmentation The Human Body Plan Tube-within-a-tube Bilateral symmetry Dorsal hollow nerve cord Notochord and vertebrae Segmentation Pharyngeal pouches (gills!) Post-anal tail (at some point in development) Characteristics common to all vertebrates Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Basic Human Body Plan and Structures Shared with all Vertebrates Figure 1.8a Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Basic Human Body Plan and Structures Shared with all Vertebrates Figure 1.8b Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Basic Human Body Plan and Structures Shared with all Vertebrates Figure 1.8c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity – divided into three parts Two lateral parts each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity Mediastinum – contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Ventral cavity (continued) Abdominopelvic cavity – divided into two parts Abdominal cavity – contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs Pelvic cavity – contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Figure 1.9a Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Figure 1.9b Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Serous cavities – a slit-like space lined by a serous membrane Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum Parietal serosa – outer wall of the cavity Visceral serosa covers the visceral organs Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Figure 1.10a, b Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Figure 1.10c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Figure 1.10d Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Cavities and Membranes Other cavities Oral cavity Nasal cavity Orbital cavities Middle ear cavities Synovial cavities Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Other Body Cavities Figure 1.11 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings