The Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains Prior to Spanish-American-Cuban War, many Americans didn’t even know where Philippines were located Acquiring new lands forced Americans to expand their knowledge of distant lands Ex: World Fairs – perfect opportunity to learn while demonstrating how imperialism PROFITED EVERYONE

Between 1900-1910 - 5 international expositions At Louisiana Purchase Exposition included a “Philippine Reservation” 1200 people were brought from Philippines to live in 47 acre village on the fairgrounds (two carefully chosen groups – some who created the impression of cultural advancement under American influence and others were “primitive savages”

The Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains Opposing Imperialism Shall we go on conferring our Civilization upon the peoples that sit in darkness, or shall we give those poor things a rest?...Extending the Blessings of Civilization to our Brother who Sits in Darkness has been a good trade and has paid well, on the whole; and there is money in it yet…but not enough, in my judgment, to make any considerable risk advisable. - Mark Twain How would summarize the arguments of those who opposed American imperialism? US DID NOT NEED COLONIES IN ORDER TO TRADE WITH OTHER NATIONS; EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING AN EMPIRE OUTWEIGHED THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS; THE IMPERATIVE SPREAD OF ANGLO-SAXON CULTURE WAS JUST AN EXCUSE TO EXPLOIT PEOPLE

Section 5 – America as a World Power Pages 382-387

Backdrop McKinley was assassinated in 1901 – Theodore Roosevelt becomes President. (Was Assist. Sec. of Navy and became VP in 1900 when McKinley’s former VP Garrett Hobart died) -By this time, US had achieved 2 out of 3 of the recommendations for becoming a world power (according to Admiral Mahan Had a modern navy and naval bases in the Caribbean and Hawaii 3th GOAL – Build a canal through Central America What was the point of having a canal? **Greatly reduce travel time for commercial and military ships

The Panama Canal Construction of the canal’s Miraflores Lock Back in 1879, a Spanish businessman (de Lesseps) obtains canal rights from Colombia (Panama was province of it) Company fails and U.S. buys rights in 1903 (rights are up in 1904 – Colombia stalls) U.S. backs Panamanian rebels independence against Colombia [knew that US Navy would support them]) Rebels successful and US recognized Panama as independent country Treaty with US – granting US a 10 mile strip of land to build canal 1904 – 1914 US controlled (until 1999) In 1879, a company led by Ferdinand de Lesseps purchased a 25-year concession from the Colombian government to build a canal across the isthmus of Panama (Panama was a province of Columbia). The company’s attempt failed, and it sold its rights to the U.S. in 1903. In order to build a canal, the U.S. needed to negotiate a land lease with Colombia. Colombia stalled the negotiations, however, hoping to wait for de Lesseps’ original concession to expire in 1904. President Roosevelt responded by letting Panamanian rebels know that if they revolted against the Colombian government, the U.S. Navy would support them. The rebels successfully revolted in November of 1903, and the U.S. quickly recognized Panama as an independent country. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, signed later that month, permanently granted the U.S. a ten-mile strip of land across the isthmus to build a canal. It also contained provisions that essentially made Panama a U.S. protectorate: in return for guaranteeing Panamanian independence, the U.S. effectively received the right to intervene in Panama’s domestic affairs. Construction on the canal began in 1904 and was completed in 1914. The canal was administered by the United States until 1999, when control was relinquished to the Panamanian government.

Panama Canal Political Cartoon The United States represented (President Roosevelt) – Why so big? To show how powerful the United States was over Columbia (had become a world power) We see he is shoveling - getting rid of all Colombian influence in Panama. By doing this he is clearing the land in order to build the canal.

So what can we conclude from the US pursuing and achieving several foreign policy goals in the early 20th century? Expanded access to foreign markets in order to ensure the continued growth of the domestic economy US builds a modern navy to protect interests abroad US exercises its international power to ensure American dominance US HAS BEEN DRAWN DEEPER INTO WORLD AFFAIRS WITH PURSUIT OF IMPERIALISM BUT IS LEADING THEM TOWARDS A WAR THEY COULD NOT AVOID…

Next Unit - World War I Imperialism was clearly a contributing cause of World War I. The competition for overseas possessions often brought European powers into conflict. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Germany became more and more aggressive in its quest for imperial possessions. In 1905, the leading imperial powers acceded to Germany’s demand for a conference to dispute French control of Morocco. Though Germany gained nothing, other nations began to view Germany as a threat to stability in Europe. Britain and France had vied for control of areas in Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. It was not until the Anglo-French Entente of 1904 that the two nations finally settled their colonial disputes. Many of the “entangling alliances” that historians often cite as a premier cause of World War I actually came about as a result of conflicts over imperialism. British troops on the front line, Somme area, 1916