13 COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES NEW YORK NEW JERSEY PENNSYLVANIA DELAWARE

MIDDLE COLONIES

NEW NETHERLANDS BECOMES NEW YORK

NEW NETHERLAND BECOMES NEW YORK Patroons owned large parcels of land given to them by the Dutch officials to encourage settlement in the New Netherlands. Most settlers were in the are called New Amsterdam which is present day Manhattan Island. Many settlers from different countries settled in New Amsterdam for trade & religious freedom. Peter Stuyvesant was the governor of New Netherlands and was a very strict leader. He demanded very high taxes from the people.

NEW NETHERLANDS BECOMES NEW YORK In 1664, the rivalry between England and the Netherlands for trade in the colonies led to a war in Europe. English warships entered the port of New Amsterdam and took over the city. No one helped Stuyvesant defend the city because they were not loyal to the Dutch or to him!!

MIDDLE COLONIES NEW YORK King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York. He renamed the colony New York in the Duke’s honor. New York continued to attract settlers from many different lands & religions. English Puritans, French Protestants, Scots, Irish, Swedes, Dutch, and Finns. New York was such a large area and it was too big to govern. So the Duke of York gave some land to his 2 friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George.

MIDDLE COLONIES NEW JERSEY Lord Berkeley & Sir George Carteret set up a proprietary colony in New Jersey. Proprietors were free to divide the land and rent it to others. They made laws for the colony but had to respect the rights of the colonies under English law. In 1702, New Jersey became a Royal Colony under control of the English Crown. The colony’s charter protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly to vote on local matters. Very much like New York as far as the people who settled in the colony.

DUKE OF YORK

LORD BERKELY & SIR GEORGE CARTERET

MIDDLE COLONIES PENNSYLVANIA William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania. He was a Quaker, which was the most despised religion in England. They were arrested, fined, and even hanged for their beliefs. He was from a wealthy family and was a friend of King Charles II. The king gave him land in the new world. Penn knew he needed a safe haven for the Quakers.

QUAKERS

QUAKER RELIGION THEY BELIEVED THAT ALL PEOPLE –MEN AND WOMEN, NOBLES AND COMMONERS– WERE EQUAL IN GOD’S EYES. THEY ALLOWED WOMEN TO PREACH IN PUBLIC. THEY WOULD NOT BOW OR REMOVE THEIR HATS FOR NOBILITY. THEY SPOKE OUT AGAINST ALL WARS AND REFUSED TO SERVE IN THE MILITARY. THEY WERE PACIFISTS!

PENN’S HOLY EXPERIMENT HE WANTED TO BE A MODEL FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, PEACE, AND CHRISTIAN LIVING. HE ALLOWED ALL RELIGIONS TO PRACTICE FREELY! (later on he was forced by the King to exclude Catholics & Jews) HE CALLED FOR THE FAIR TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS. HE FELT SETTLERS SHOULD PAY NATIVE AMERICANS FOR THEIR LAND. HE LEARNED THE INDIANS LANGUAGE AND TREATED TEHM EQUALLY. IN RETURN THE INDIANS RESPECTED PENN.

PENN’S WOODS= =PENNSYLVANIA Penn advertised all over Europe and soon settlers from England, Scotland, Wales, the Netherlands, France, and Germany came. A very large population were German speaking Protestants. They were called the PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH because the word Deutsch means German.

WILLIAM PENN

PHILADELPHIA

PENN CAREFULLY PLANNED A CAPITOL CITY ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER. HE NAMED IT PHILADELPHIA WHICH MEANS THE CITY OF “BROTHERLY LOVE”.

DELAWARE IT HAD ORIGINALLY BEEN PART OF PENNSYLVANIA, BUT IT WAS TOO FAR FOR THEIR REPRESENTATIVES TO GET TO PHILADELPHIA TO VOTE ON ISSUES. SO IN 1701, PENN ALLOWED THEM TO ELECT THEIR OWN ASSEMBLY. IN 1704, IT BECAME THE COLONY OF DELAWARE.

MIDDLE COLONIES GEOGRAPHY- They had a rich and fertile farm land and a longer growing season then the New England colonies. They raised wheat, barley, and rye. Which were known as CASH CROPS. Farmers also raised cattle & pigs. They had many skilled artisans. The colony became a center of manufacturing and crafts. They also had large supplies of iron ore.

MIDDLE COLONIES THE BACKCOUNTRY Many Scottish 7 Germans settled at the base of the Appalachian Mountains. They followed an old Iroquois trail called the GREAT WAGON ROAD. Life there was much more difficult and they did get into more fights with the Native Americans. They hunted wild animals for food, gathered honey from hallow in trees, and made wooden dishes out of the trees.