Day 1

Bell Ringer/Objective Bell Ringer: What impact is exploration going to have on native populations? Essential Question: What was the nature of exploitation of Indians in the Americas? Connection: Are Native Americans still suffering from this exploitation? If so, how? Objective: Explain the causes that lead groups and nations to explore after the Renaissance. Agenda Foundations of Exploration Christopher Columbus

Create the following diagram in your notebook (it should take an entire page) CausesAdvances in Technology Impact on the WorldExplorers to know Prediction Foundations of Exploration

Spirit of discovery due to Renaissance The drive to explore Goods from the East Increase in wealth Desire to spread faith Curiosity

Foundations of Exploration Spirit of innovation due to Renaissance Advances in technology Compass – direction Astrolabe – location Shipbuilding

Impact on the World Eastern culture had spread to Europe European culture will now spread west

Explorers to Know Bartholomew Dias – Sailed to Asia past the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) Magellan – First to circumnavigate the world; Tip of Southern America across the Pacific

Make a prediction What impact will Europeans have on the native population?

Christopher Columbus “Discovering America” “Discovering America” Copy the following table into your notebook (it should take an entire page): C HRISTOPHER C OLUMBUS Background Information The Good (write specific good things that happened as a result of Christopher Columbus) The Bad (write specific bad things that happened as a result of Christopher Columbus) After watching the video, answer the following question in the form of a thesis statement: Does Christopher Columbus deserve to be remembered a hero? Why or why not?

Next Steps Look at the thesis you wrote. A thesis should  Answer the question  Provide an argument  Give three reasons why  Be written as one sentence

Motives for Exploration Need a route by sea to Asia (India and China) The Ottoman Empire, due to its conquests, controls the land route to Asia Motives for European exploration: God – spread their faith to new lands Glory – want fame and adventure Gold – search for wealth Able to expand due to new technologies: Better ships and cartography (map-making) New technologies from the Arabs, such as the compass and astrolabe

Portugal Takes the Lead Portugal was the first country to launch large- scale voyages of exploration In 1420 Prince Henry the Navigator sponsors expeditions to sail along the western coast of Africa His ultimate goal was to find a water route around Africa to India Portuguese sailors learned that both gold and slaves were available on Africa’s west coast Bartholomeu Dias was the first European to sail around the tip of Africa looking for a route to India in 1488 – he was forced to turn back due to violent storms

Vasco da Gama set out for India in 1497 and ten months later he became the first European to reach India by sea Brings back a cargo of spice, makes a profit of several thousand percent Pedro Cabral sailed to the west and ended up sighting and claiming land that became known as Brazil The Portuguese were interested in setting up trading centers, not interested in conquering They took the spice trade from the Muslims by force Had the advantage since they put cannons on their ships

Spain Sails West While the Portuguese sailed east to reach the source of the spice trade, the Spanish sailed west Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain financed Christopher Columbus to sail west to reach Asia in 1492 Columbus thinks that the circumference of the world is not as large as others thought it was Reaches Cuba in 1492, but thinks he is in Asia, on islands known as the Indies Sails a total of four missions – explores many Caribbean islands and Honduras, which he names the Indies and calls the people Indians

The Spanish call Columbus a hero since they think he has found a new route to Asia In 1502 Amerigo Vespucci sailed along the coast of South America and he finally realized that this wasn’t Asia, but a new land It is later named America in his honor and the Spanish set out to explore it Vasco Nunez de Balboa led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama and became the first European to view the Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellan decided to sail west around the world in 1519 with five ships and 250 men Magellan was killed in a fight in the Philippines against the native people but his men continued on

In survivors from Magellan’s expedition arrived back in Spain, the first people to ever circumnavigate the world Treaty of Tordesillas – signed by both Spain and Portugal in 1494 that gives a line of demarcation dividing their new territories Each feared that the other would claim some of its newly discovered territories The treaty gives an imaginary north-to-south line through the Atlantic Ocean and the easternmost part of South America Everything west of this line went to Spain and Portugal got everything east of the line

Other Explorers John Cabot sailed to and explored the Atlantic coast of Canada and New England He set out on a second voyage, but his entire fleet vanished Sir Francis Drake sailed around the tip of South America and explored its west coast He stopped in what is now California and then went on to become the second man to circumnavigate the globe Henry Hudson explored parts of eastern America and had a river and a bay named after him

Jacques Cartier sailed past the island of Newfoundland into the St. Lawrence river He claimed all the land along the river as the province of New France (Canada)

Explorers and their Routes Chapter 16, section 1, pages

Research a Native American tribe in the United States. Use SPICE to discuss aspects of their culture. Do you still see any effects of exploitation today?