Homework: #2 for tomorrow Consider: Why is there often controversy surrounding the issue of civil liberties in the US? 1.Sanction (via French, from Latin sanctio(n-) can mean ‘give official permission/approval for (an action)’ or conversely, ‘impose a penalty on. 2.“Oversight is the noun form of two verbs with contrary meanings, “oversee” and “overlook.” “Oversee,” to look at from above, means ‘supervise’; “overlook” means to fail to see or miss. 3.Left can mean either remaining or departed. If the gentlemen have withdrawn to the drawing room for after-dinner cigars, who’s left? (The gentlemen have left and the ladies are left.) 4.Dust is a noun turned into a verb meaning either to add or to remove the thing in question. Only the context will tell you which it is. When you dust are you applying dust or removing it? It depends whether you’re dusting the crops or the furniture. 5.Seed can also go either way. If you seed the lawn you add seeds, but if you seed a tomato you remove them. Words which are their own opposites.

Homework: Assignment 2 AP Government and Politics Chapter 4

Video: The Big Picture IA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch04_Civil_Liberties_Se g1_v2.html 4

Civil Liberties: Background  Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights CR – protection for freedom from discrimination CL – constitutional protection of individuals against government ○ Can you provide examples?  Civil Liberties are protected in 4 ways Body of the US Constitution – examples? Legislation (Voting Rights Act, for example) Court Decisions (Brown, Roe, etc.) The Bill of Rights, especially amendments 1-8 and the 14 th

Need for a Bill of Rights? Fed 84  Federalists: No BoR was necessary Constitution WAS Bill of Rights States’ BoRs would be enough Might be dangerous to enumerate rights (why put limitations in things gov. not given power to do?)  Anti-Federalists Suspicious of central gov; demand BoR as protection against federal government Anti-Fed 84  Ratification of Constitution is in doubt without one Madison and Federalists promise to submit amendments when the 1 st Congress meets

The Bill of Rights  That “nauseous project” (Madison)  First 10 amendments (out of 12) ratified by state governments by 1791 Often considered part of the original document  Originally only applied to federal government Barron vs. Baltimore (1833)  1868 – 14 th amendment passed; changes the game but not immediately

“Incorporation” Section 1. …No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The Process of applying the rights in the BOR to the states – requires state gov’s to provide/obey all national rights/protections Done through various Supreme Court decisions using the “Due process” clause of the Fourteenth amendment…

 Fourteenth Amendment Bill of Rights applies to actions of states, not just federal government  Due process clause Applied to Bill of Rights  Substantive due process  Interpretation of the 5 th and 14 th amendments’ due process clause  Protects citizens against arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws  Procedural due process  Less vague, deals with criminal procedures, tangible things that are owed citizens when dealing with gov. 4.1 The Incorporation Doctrine: The Bill of Rights Made Applicable to the States

4.1 When did the Court first articulate the doctrine of selective incorporation?

 Fundamental freedoms protected under selective incorporation  Those that are part “of the very essence of a scheme of ordered liberty”  (Palko vs. Illinois; actually overturned to get desired result 30 years later)  Rights that states must protect: Freedom of press Freedom of speech Freedom of assembly Many others Most recent test: McDonald vs. Chicago 4.1 Selective Incorporation and Fundamental Freedoms

Video: In Context IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_CivilLiberties_v2.html 4.1