Directions: Then…. Use the following information to estimate how much money the Montgomery Bus Boycott cost the bus company. Participants: 10,000 people Length: The boycott lasted 18 months (Assume that 30 days = 1 month) Bus Fares: 10 cents in 1955 (Average person rode to and from a destination: Assume each person spent 20 cents per day) What if you got the students at Schurz to boycott the CTA today? -Participants: 2,400 people -Length: 18 months (Assume that 30 days = 1 month) -CTA Fares: $2.25 (Average person rides to and from a destination: Assume each person spends $4.50 a day) The Power of (Peaceful) Protest

BELLRINGER 2/27/12 Do you agree with the decision to use non-violence to achieve civil rights in the 1950s? Why?

FREEDOM RIDES, BIRMINGHAM, MARCH ON WASHINGTON, FREEDOM SUMMER, CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION The Fight for Civil Rights

Freedom Rides Two-bus trip across the South to test desegregation of interstate busses and bus terminals Volunteers were met with violence in many southern states; many were brutally beaten The Push for Equality

Birmingham and Selma City was the location for several demonstrations against segregation and racial violence in Alabama MLK and civil rights groups led the marches in 1963; ended in mass arrests and violence against protestors In 1965, MLK led a 50 mile march from Selma to Birmingham; ended in mass arrests and violence against protestors

Washington During the summer of 1963, more than 250,000 people marched in Washington, D.C. for civil rights MLK delivered his famous “I have a dream….” speech

Freedom Summer 1964 Campaign by civil rights volunteers to register African Americans to vote in the South 3 volunteers in Mississippi were murdered by members of the KKK and local police Gained national attention

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed by LBJ on July 2, 1964 Prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender Passed by LBJ in 1965 Eliminated literacy tests and other practices that discriminated against African American voters Civil Rights Legislation

Bellringer 3/01/12 “Abshu was put into a home that already had two other boys from foster care. The Masons lived in a small wooden bungalow right on the edge of Linden Hills. And Mother Mason insisted that they tell anybody who asked that they actually lived in Linden Hills, a more prestigious address than Summit Place. It was a home that was kept immaculate.” The fourth paragraph (lines 31-37) establishes all of the following EXCEPT: F.that Abshu had foster brothers. G.that the Masons maintained a clean house. H.how Mother Mason felt about the location of their house. J.what Abshu remembered most about his years with the Masons.

“Despite the current controversy, actual cases of acquittal by reason of insanity are quite rare. Juror seem reluctant to believe that people are not morally responsible for their acts, and lawyers, knowing that an insanity plea is apt to fail, tend to use it only as a last resort. In California in 1980, only 259 defendants (out of approximately 52,000) were successful in pleading not guilty by reason of insanity.” One of the main points made in the last paragraph is that insanity pleas were: F.unconvincing to most juries in California in G.used in most cases in California in H.often successful in California in J.popular with lawyers in California in 1980.

New Leaders Malcolm X (Nation of Islam) believed that African Americans should separate themselves from white society Stokely Carmichael (SNCC) changed the direction of the organization to a more militant one Changes in the Movement

Black Power Phrase coined by Carmichael that was, “a call for black people to define their own goals...[and] to lead their own organizations.”

Black Panthers Formed in Oakland to fight police brutality Preached self-defense and militancy Spread to other cities in the U.S., including Chicago!

Riots, Assassination, and the Black Panthers Riots broke out in New York and Los Angeles over segregation In 1968 MLK was assassinated; worst urban riots in U.S. history broke out all over the U.S. Black Panthers had numerous shootouts w/ police Violence Erupts….

Fred Hampton

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