Student-Centered Funding and Student Outcomes The Case for K-12 Student-Based Budgeting in Georgia Lisa Snell December 8, 2015

Best Evidence: School Choice Works Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools $578 Million

Best Evidence: School Choice Works Teachers’ Lounge

Best Evidence: School Choice Works Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools $578 Million

Best Evidence: School Choice Works Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools $578 Million Performance California Academic Performance Index 2012 to 2013 Los Angeles High School of the Arts -27 School for the Visual Arts and Humanities -5 Ambassador School of Global Education -12 Ambassador School of Global Leadership -8 UCLA Community Schools -17

Do Districts Fund Students Fairly or Why Backpack Funding? U.S. Department of Education Study: Comparability of State and Local Expenditures Among Schools Within Districts: A Report From the Study of School-Level Expenditures States were required to report all school level expenditures to federal government to receive ARRA funding Feds examined 6,129 school districts across United States Nearly half of all schools had per-pupil personnel expenditures that were more than 10 percent above or below their district’s average. Among districts with at least one Title I school and one non–Title I school at that school grade level, 47 percent of the Title I districts had lower personnel expenditures per pupil in their Title I elementary schools than in their non–Title I elementary schools. This percentage was about the same for middle schools (46 percent) but lower for high schools (39 percent). Sixty-three percent of districts with two or more elementary schools had at least one higher-poverty school with per pupil personnel expenditures that were below the district’s average for lower-poverty schools. Again, the percentages were lower for middle schools (55 percent) and high schools (47 percent).

Texas: Education Next Study

Best Evidence: School Choice Works Education Next Fall 2015: Early evidence shows reforms lifting student achievement

Best Evidence: School Choice Works A 2015 Education Research Alliance study at Tulane University found that the New Orleans education reforms achieved a ~.4 effect size, which is the largest citywide effect the researchers have ever seen an effect that surpasses most of what you see in pre-k and class size reduction studies (at about a quarter of the cost). We are not aware of any other districts that have made such large improvements in such a short time. NOLA ACT Scores Move from ~25th to ~40th Percentile

October 2015 New Orleans H.S. Results More than half of New Orleans high schools earned a letter grade of A or B. Five years ago, only two high schools had an A or B letter grades and both were selective admission schools (Ben Franklin and Lusher). New Orleans schools outperform other high-poverty high schools in Louisiana. Among schools statewide serving student populations where three-quarters or more of students are economically disadvantaged, New Orleans has the top 5 performing schools.

Louisiana 2014 to 2015 H.S. Improvement School 2014 Grade 2015 Grade Edna Karr Secondary School BA International High School CB Joseph S. Clark Preparatory High School FD KIPP Renaissance High School DB Lake Area New Tech Early College High School DC New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy CA Sci AcademyCB Warren EastonBA

Drew Carey Goes to Cleveland to ask for SBB

Cleveland Improves Most on Nation’s Report Card 2015 After more than a decade of flat and low results in national testing, CMSD now ranks near the top in academic growth when compared with 20 other large U.S. urban school districts, according to the National Assessment of Educational Progress.National Assessment of Educational Progress Michael Casserly, executive director of the Council of the Great City Schools, said CMSD’s gains are “uniformly larger and better than any other school district in the country.” The council represents 68 large U.S. urban districts.Council of the Great City Schools

Cleveland-ERS Case Study Keys to success include: Increasing school-level control over school budgets and supporting school leaders to use this flexibility to target time and attention to meet student needs Increasing school-level flexibility to hire the staff that best meets their needs Providing for teacher teams to collaborate around data and instruction

Weighted Student Formula Yearbook Analysis Performance Metrics Principal Autonomy School Empowerment Benchmarks 2011 Proficiency Rates Proficiency Rate Improvement Expected Proficiency vs. Actual Expected Proficiency Improvement 2011 Graduation Rates 2011 Achievement Gaps Achievement Gap Improvement Achievement Gap Closure Student Groups White Hispanic African-American Low-Income Non-Low-Income School Levels Elementary Middle High School School Subjects Reading Mathematics Science Proficiency Rate Data: 2008 – 2011 Principal Autonomy – The percentage of yearly operating funds allocated to the school-level as part of the district’s weighted student formula.

School District Rankings School DistrictRankGrade Houston Independent School District1A+ Hartford Public School District2A Cincinnati Public School District3A- Oakland Unified School District4A- Poudre Public School District5B+ Minneapolis Public School District6B San Francisco Unified School District7B Boston City Public School District8B- St. Paul Public School District9C+ Prince George's County Public School District10C Denver Public School District11C Newark Public School District12C- Milwaukee Public School District13D Baltimore Public School District14F New York City Department of EducationN/A Houston Independent School District Program Name: Weighted Student Funding Implementation: Benchmarks Reached: 9 out of 10 Principal Autonomy: 42.9% Achievement Gaps Closing: 22 out of 27A+ Baltimore Public School District Program Name: Fair Student Funding Implementation: Benchmarks Reached: 9 out of 10 Principal Autonomy: 29.6% Achievement Gaps Closing: 2 out of 18F

Key Findings Greater Principal Autonomy Better Student Outcomes Holding all else constant, a school district that allocated 50 percent of its FY2011 budget to weighted student formula, where money follows the student, is nearly 10 times more likely to close achievement gaps than a district that only allocated 20 percent of its FY2011 budget to weighted student formula Weighted Student Formula Yearbook “ ”

Predicted Improvement Rank vs. Average Improvement Rank Disadvantaged Student Groups School districts with a higher amount of budget autonomy are predicted to have a higher ranking for proficiency improvement, though their actual rankings may be higher or lower depending on exogenous factors. “ ” RSD-NO W W

Key SBB Principles Equitable Funding Portability School Autonomy Transparency Service-Oriented District Office Accountability