The End of World War I

Surrenders Germany was the last of the Central Powers to surrender November 1918

End of World War I

Great War is over

Armistice Day 11 th hour Of 11 th day Of 11 th month 1918 November 11, 1918

Treaties signed with Central Powers 5 separate treaties

Russia Only Allied power to lose territory Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania became independent Lost territory to Poland and Romania

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty between Germany and Allied powers Signed June 1919 Big Three made most of the decisions: U.S., France, Great Britain Russia not represented as in middle of Civil War Germany and its allies not represented

Treaty of Versailles Woodrow Wilson of U.S. wanted peace treaty based on his 14 points Britain and France more concerned about their national security and getting rid of Germany’s ability to wage war

Treaty of Versailles – end of WWI Signed June 1919 The main points of the Treaty [BRAT] 1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war 2. Germany paid Reparations for the damage done during the war.

Versailles cont.. 3. Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force. She could have a very small navy, and an Army of just 100,000 men.

Versailles 4. Germany lost Territory (land) in Europe (see map). Germany ’ s colonies were given to Britain and France.

Versailles Treaty Also created a League of Nations International association Goal: to keep peace among nations

Exit Slip Was the Treaty of Versailles fair? Consider all the nations affected. Write 2-3 paragraphs to answer this question.

Influenza Epidemic of 1918 Worldwide Killed about 50 million people Killed many at the end of the Great War

Costs of War Allied Powers: 42 million troops mobilized Central Powers: 23 million troops mobilized

Some of the Battlefield Deaths Germany: 1.7 million dead Russia: 1.7 million dead France 1.3 million dead Austria-Hungary: 1.2 mil British Empire: 908,000 Italy: 650,000 Ottoman Empire: 325,000 United States: 116,000

Allied Powers Military Deaths

Map of Europe Pre and Post World War 1

Map Pre and Post World War I With a partner, answer these questions: 1.Which Central powers appear to have lost a lot of territory? 2.On which nation’s former lands were most of the new countries created? 3.Name five countries that were created after World War I. 4.Were the land changes fair to all? Explain.

Post World War I

Outcomes of World War I: Death Millions dead and wounded. 8.5 million soldiers dead. 21 million wounded, many permanently disabled. Countless civilians dead from fighting, starvation and disease Generation lost.

Outcomes of World War I: Economic Devastation Economies of Europe devastated. Large parts of France, Belgium and other parts of Europe destroyed $37 billion estimated damage $200 billion to fight war

Outcomes of World War I: Map of Europe Changes New countries created Russian states of Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland gain independence

Outcomes of World War I: Downfall of Empires and Monarchies Austrian/Hungarian empire broken up Separate countries of Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia formed. Never again a major player in world politics

Outcomes of World War I: Downfall of Empires and Monarchies Ottoman Empire broken up Turkey becomes independent Allies carved up land that Ottoman Empire lost in SW Asia into mandates Great Britain took control of Palestine, Iraq and Transjordan France took control of Syria and Lebanon

Outcomes of World War I: Downfall of Russian Czar One cause of the Russian Revolution Destroyed Russian government Communism as government in Russia Lost land

Germany  Lost all colonies  Lost other areas in Europe, including Alsace Lorraine, Polish Corridor  Economy devastated more than anyone else

Outcomes: United States becomes world power Tipped scale to end war Became dominant power in the world Became isolationist

Outcomes of World War I: League of Nations League of Nations Created Goal to settle disputes between nations U.S. did not join

Outcomes of World War I: Disillusionment Laid groundwork for World War II Created attitude that war had to be avoided at all costs Anger from some countries who wanted independence such as in Africa and Asia led to colonial revolts Anger and resentment from the defeated, especially Germany