From Outcome To Output

Outcome  The intended or achieved short-term and medium-term effects of an intervention’s outputs,  usually requiring the collective effort of partners.  Represent changes in development conditions which occur between the completion of outputs and the achievement of impact. Outcome Versus Output UNDG Definitions Output  Products & services resulting from completion of activities of development interventions.

Outcome  Changes in development conditions which are linked to meaningful and measurable UN’s contribution.  Often requiring the collective government-led effort of partners.  Within areas of UN’s comparative strengths in the country  Moderate UN’s control & accountability;  Often narrower than but in line with corresponding government’s outcome Outcome Versus Output UNDAF Planning Output  UN’s contribution to removal, by government or other national partners, of development bottlenecks at the operational level;  Causally linked to corresponding outcome  Often requiring the contribution of several UN agencies;  Significant UN’s control & accountability  Often narrower than corresponding government output

Hierarchy of Results, Partners’ Levels of Control & Accountability

Two Levels of Results Impact Outcomes Outputs Activities Input Development Results (All actors) Operational Achievements (your organization) 5

6 Results Chain in the context of Poverty Reduction Outcome Impact Output Activity Proportion of people living on <$2 a day halved Pro-poor economic policies endorsed and implemented Regulatory environ. proposed to drive small enterprise development - Economic assessment - National consultation - Training of artisans ResultsLike… Timeframe <1 yr <5 yrs 5 yrs > 5 yrs Institutional/ Development, products RHs’ Status Outcome Employment and income generation increased Institutional/ Behavioural 5 yrs then if then More Less if Partners’ Accountability and control then if

7 Results Chain - Reducing HIV Incidence Outcome Impact Output Activity HIV prevalence reduced by 60% Leadership empowered Skills of NAC strengthened Train 250 district AIDS officers ResultsLike… Timeframe <1 yr <5 yrs 5 yrs > 5 yrs Institutional/ Behavioural Operational/ skills, abilities, products & services Human! Outcome Response brought to scale Institutional/ Behavioural 5 yrs then if then More Less Individual Accountability

8 Accountability: Control over results Impact Outcomes Outputs Activities Inputs As we move to higher level results, the control we have over them decreases Reasons: Presence of other actors More assumptions involved More external factors affecting final result

Building from Outcome Mapping Principles and Concepts

Limit of Influence and Control in Development Interventions Development Intervention e.g. UNDAF Beneficiaries Sphere of Control Sphere of Interest ganda: 36 million people Partners Sphere of Influence

Limit of Influence and Control in Development Interventions Input, Activities, Outputs Changes in State Sphere of Control Sphere of Interest Country X Influence engagement, capacities Performance Sphere of Influence

Boundary Partners Concept Development Intervention, e.g. UNDAF Country X Boundary Partners Stakeholders Beneficiaries

Moving from Outcome To Output  Criteria for quality outputs  Extent of Causal strength with outcome dimensional change/s  Scope (Breadth) to ensure meaningfulness, simplified programme structure and complementary/synergistic joint UN efforts  Four-steps in output design  Determine the Output domain (Output Title) = Bottlenecks  Determine Timeframe for output achievement (Between Year 1 and 5)  Identify targeted partner/s in UN’s Sphere of Influence (Boundary partners)  Describe expected capacity/competency changes among targeted partners (related to institutional & Leadership capacities; Knowledge/skills acquisition; tools for innovation & improved effectiveness & Efficiency – including documented intervention models)

 Output 1.1.4: Ethic & Integrity. By 2017, The National Police Service and the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission have adequate technical, functional and financial capacity to design and implement rights based guidelines on ethics and integrity in law enforcement;  Output 1.2.2: Citizens' Engagement & Participation. By 2016, Systems and mechanisms to promote citizens' engagement and participation in social and political affairs are developed and operatinalized at national and decentralized levels  Output Service delivery Capacity. By 2018, National and County governments have the appropriate regulatory framework to enable the implementation of responsive, accessible, participatory, equitable, transparent and accountable service delivery with a focus on vulnerable groups Examples of Output Statement Governance

 Output Education Relevance. By 2018, MoEST has adequate technical and financial capacity to develop, review and operationalize inclusive and evidence- based ECDE, basic, post basic and higher education policies and strategies that: inculcate relevant skills to respond to the job market demand; nurture constructive values; and promote gender equality and human rights;  Output RMNCAH: By 2018, MoH and selected county governments and partners have adequate institutional and technical capacities, including through S-S cooperation and use of emerging technologies & tools, to design, implement and evaluate county-based models of innovative, quality equitable and integrated maternal, new-born, child and adolescent health services (including sexual and reproductive health). Examples of Output Statement Human Capital Development

 Output Equitable Access to Development Opportunities. MDAs and the National Gender Equality Commission have adequate technical capacities to operationalize the 2013 enacted matrimonial property Act, which ensures spouses’ equal rights to productive inputs, including land and credits;  Output 3.2.3: Extractive Industry The extractive sector is technically strengthened, including through South-South and triangular cooperation, to apply measures that protect the environment, generate employment opportunities, particularly for women, youth and marginalized groups, and invest in community development and social services. Examples of Output Statement Inclusive Sustainable Economic Growth

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