Mammalia Jeopardy General Mammals Marsupials & Monotremes Placental Mammals Mammalian Orders Pictures Final Jeopardy

What three types of glands do all mammals possess? 2

Scent glands, sweat glands, & mammary glands 3

4 Compared to other vertebrates, mammals have heightened senses in what two areas?

5 Hearing & smell

6 The umbilical cord and placenta in placental mammals replace what parts of the amniotic egg?

7 Allantois, Albumen, Yolk, and Chorion

8 Why do zoologists think that the first mammals were nocturnal predators?

9 Lack of color vision, exceptional hearing & smell, and endothermy in most mammals hint at a nocturnal existence.

10 Synapsid Reptiles Mammals Canine-like teeth Limbs under body Ribs reduced Hair & glands

11 Synapsid Reptiles Mammals Canine-like teeth Limbs under body Ribs reduced Hair & glands Pelycosaurs Therapsids Cynodonts

12 What two animals are the only monotremes on the planet?

13 Platypus & Spiny Echidna

14 Name 4 marsupials other than the opossum.

15 Kangaroo, wallaby, wombat, koala, sugar glider, etc…

16 What are three unique attributes of monotremes not seen in other mamals?

17 Cloaca/egg laying, no nipples, & electroreception

Describe how the present distribution of marsupials and monotremes on the earth came to be. 18

19 1. Monotremes & marsupials first developed during the Triassic and migrated across Pangaea 2. Australia, Antarctica, and India broke away from Pangaea 3. Placental mammals developed in Laurasia 4. Antarctica froze and India collided with Asia flooding it with placental mammals 5. Australia remained habitable and isolated from the rest of the world

What is the anatomical result of the necessity of marsupials to crawl from the vagina to the pouch to complete development? 20

21 There are no marsupials with hooves, wings, or flippers. They must have forearms that are able to grip in order to climb into the pouch

22 What is the evolutionary advantage that placental mammals have over their marsupial and monotreme cousins?

23 They can carry their young internally until they are fully developed

24 What are the two largest Orders of placental mammals that make up around 60% of all mammalian species?

25 Rodentia & Chiroptera

26 How does one tell the difference between dolphins and porpoises?

27 DolphinPorpoise TeethConicalSpade-like Dorsal FinHookedTriangular FaceBeakNo Beak

28 Describe how a cow digests its food as it passes through the ruminant stomach? Rumen & Reticulum Omasum Abomasum

29 1.Grass is eaten and moved into the rumen and then reticulum to pick up bacteria capable of digesting cellulose 2.Grass is regurgitated as cud and chewed to help bacteria break down cellulose 3.Cud is re-swallowed and moved to omasum where water and minerals are extracted 4.Cud moves to abomasum where normal acidic digestion takes place

30

31

32 Which mammalian Order is considered to be the simplest placental mammal Order?

33 Insectivora

34 Elephants are the sole members of which Order of mammals (think about the nose)

35 Proboscidea

36 What are the two mammalian Orders that are considered to be completely aquatic

37 Cetacea & Sirenia

38 Describe the difference between Artiodactyls and Perissodactyls and explain why there are so few Perissodactyls left on the planet

39 Artiodactyls – ruminant stomachs and even-toed hooves Perissodactyls – hindgut fermenters and odd- toed hooves Due to climate change, the food the Perissodactyls ate went away leaving mostly the low-grade grasses that Artiodactyls are able to eat. Only a few Perissodactyls were able to adapt and survive until today.

40 Complete the flow-chart that organizes the Suborders and Superfamilies of Order Carnivora SuborderSuperfamilyExample CaniformiaCanoidea Ursoidea Skunks, weasels, & raccoons Seals, sea lions, & walruses FeloideaCats Viverroidea Hyena, mongoose, & fossa

41 SuborderSuperfamilyExample CaniformiaCanoideaDogs, foxes, & wolves UrsoideaBears MusteloideaSkunks, weasels, & raccoons PinnipediaSeals, sea lions, & walruses FeliformiaFeloideaCats ViverroideaCivets HerpestoideaHyena, mongoose, & fossa

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37 Civet Capybara

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45 Sea Lion Fossa

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47 Pangolin Tarsier

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49 Tapir Echidna

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51 Hyrax Aardvark

52 What is the difference between Simians and Prosimians and what is the difference between New-world and Old-world monkeys? (Give two examples of animals in each category)

53 Prosimians – primitive, nocturnal, solitary primates such as lemurs & tarsiers Simians – advanced, diurnal, social primates such as monkeys and apes New-world – flat-nosed monkeys with prehensile tails that live in the Americas such as howler and spider monkeys Old-world – narrow-nosed monkeys with vestigial or absent tails that live in Africa and Asia such as proboscis monkeys, baboons, and the apes