Goals Find mass segregation in open clusters To look for a correlation between mass segregation and age in star clusters. The heavier members will tend to sink into lower (closer to the center) orbits, while the lighter members will tend to rise to higher orbits (Elmegreen et al. 2009) Mass segregation ratio developed by Richard J. Allison used in combination with the prim algorithm to determine the mass segregation ratio. (right) M46 (Faulkes Telescope) NGC3293 (Faulkes Telescope) During two–body encounters all stars exchange their energies and try to find a thermodynamic equilibrium. (Raboud et al 2001) A B C The prim algorithm (left) enables us to create the minimum spanning tree. Prim’s algorithm requires one to connect stars in a cluster from point to point in the shortest manner possible. Elmegreen et al Separation of Low mass stars of clusters was highly correlated to age of the cluster, supported by Allison 2009, Raboud (left)

Methodology Star Clusters n=30 Images RGB composed and sharpened using ImageJ MST calculated using Prim algorithm by excel programmed spreadsheet Mass Segregation Ratio using Allison formula Metalicity/Age taken from L. Chen’s Catalog of Star Clusters/ Calculated using Turning point theorem Infrared images obtained from 2mass n=23 Images obtained from Faulke’s Telescope n=2 Stars separated into massive and less massive using APT Comparison of Mass Segregation to Age Infrared Images obtained from Leopard n=5 Shows MSR vs. Age( as calculated by turn-off method). A.7 correlation coefficient as well as a general trend indicate some relationship between mass segregation and age. 0.7 R value. P<.01 Shows MSR vs. Metalicity ( from spectroscopic measurement). Graph ‘s X axis is logarithmic and goes from positive to negative Fe/h values. Fe/h values decrease from left to right R value P<0.01 MASS SEGREGATION OF EACH CLUSTER VS. [Fe/H] MASS SEGREGATION OF EACH CLUSTER VS. AGE (via turning point)

Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Raboud and Allison’s results were similar As the clusters changed over time, an essential part stage in their transformation may have been equipartition Cluster formation was more rapid then expected Star clusters formed highly hierarchical structure over time In the youngest star clusters, intermediate sized stars often were surrounded by clusters of smaller stars, suggesting some type of interaction Allison (2009) The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright ©2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All Rights Reserved. Eugenio Carretta “Abundances in Red Giant Stars of NGC 2808 and Correlations between Chemical Anomalies and Global Parameters in Globular Clusters.” Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna. The Astronomical Journal, 2006 March. Lee, H.; Kim, S.-L.; Kim, H.-J. ; Jeon, Y.-B.; Park, H,-S. “New Variable Stars in the Open Cluster M103.” Konkoly Observatory, Budapest, 26 October 2005, Dept. of Earth Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. Gonzalo Alcaino and William Liller “Ages of Globular Clusters Derived from BVRI CCD photometry.” Instituto Isaac Newton, Ministerio de Educación de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Societá Astronomica Italiana, Vol 57 No Prof. Fabrizio Mazzucconi, Enrico Albisetti and Bernardo Mannucci. “Atlas of The Skies: Journeying between the stars and planets in the discovery of the universe.”TAJ Books 2003 Mike Lynch. “The Essential guide to Our Night Sky: New York Starwatch.” Voyageur Press 2005 p.46 and 47 Elmegreen, Bruce G., Yuri Efremov, Ralph E. Pudritz, and Hans Zinnercker. “Observations and Theory of Star Cluster Formation.” Chandra X-ray Observatory (2008, April 29). Oldest Known Celestial Objects are Surprisingly Immature. Science Daily. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from ESA Hubble Information Centre (2008, August 6). Thousands of Globular Clusters Identified in Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. Science Daily. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from L. Chen “On the Galactic Disk Metallicity Distribution from Open Clusters. I. New Catalogs and Abundance Gradient “ Retrieved January 20 th from ade8349a14a5http:// ade8349a14a5 There is some relationship between metallicity, age, and mass segregation, and star clusters rapidly for a highly hierarchical structure. Future Studies =-- A wider variety of ages of open clusters. -Develop a technique to measure globular clusters -create CMDs for all clusters. Star cluster exhibiting fractal clustering M35 (Faulkes Telescope)