Plant Diversity Chapter 22

What is a Plant? Members of the Kingdom Plantae They are divided into 4 groups: Bryophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms They have cell walls made of cellulose Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll

Plant Life Cycle Alternation of generations: Diploid phase: sporophyte or spore producing plant meiosis Haploid phase: gametophyte or gamete producing plant mitosis

Bryophytes Mosses and their relatives Nonvascular plants: do not have vascular tissue (system of transport tubes) that conduct water and nutrients Depend on water for reproduction Osmosis Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts

Bryophytes /30695-assignment-discovery-bryophytes- video.htm /30695-assignment-discovery-bryophytes- video.htm nmm-QE nmm-QE

Plants with Vascular Systems A vascular system is a system of tubes to transport water and nutrients in a plants Includes Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. Ferns are Seedless Vascular Plants Gymno and Angiosperms are Vascular Seed Producing Plants

Vascular Plants Tissues Tracheids: cell that is specialized to conduct water Xylem: carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant Pholem: Transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates

Ferns and their relatives Include club mosses, horsetails, and ferns Seedless vascular plants - they produce spores Have true roots, leaves, and stems /30696-assignment-discovery-ferns- video.htm /30696-assignment-discovery-ferns- video.htm

Vascular Seed Plants Divided into two groups: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Seed Plants Gymnoperms: bear seeds directly on the surface of cones QxvMXs QxvMXs /30697-assignment-discovery- gymnosperms-video.htm /30697-assignment-discovery- gymnosperms-video.htm

Seed Plants Angiosperms: flowering plants that bear their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed /27703-assignment-discovery- angiosperms-video.htm /27703-assignment-discovery- angiosperms-video.htm

Seed Plant Reproduction Includes: Flowers or cones Pollen grain (male) assignment-discovery-plant- reproduction-video.htm assignment-discovery-plant- reproduction-video.htm

Monocots – 1 seed leaf Angiosperm Diversity

Dicots – 2 seed leaves

Annuals: complete a life cycle only in one growing season. Biennials: complete their life cycle in two years Perennials: live for more than two years

Veins Cuticle Epidermis Palisade Mesophyll Vein Xylem Phloem Stoma Guard Cells Epidermis Spongy Mesophyll PLANT ANATOMY