Units 1-4 Vocabulary By: Jordan Wilder

Adage (n.) a proverb, wise saying. Our teacher read an old adage from the bible yesterday. Synonyms- maxim, saw, aphorism.

Bonanza (n.) a rich mass of ore in a mine;something very valuable, profitable, or rewarding;a source of wealth or prosperity;a very large amount;sudden profit or gain A large sum of bonanza was located in the southern U.S. Synonyms- windfall

Churlish (adj.) lacking politeness or good manners;lacking sensitivity;difficult to work with or deal with;rude My little sister was being very churlish at and during the wedding. Synonyms- surly,ill- tempered Antonyms- courteous, civil, well-mannered

Citadel (n.) a fortress that over looks and protects a city;any strong or commanding place There are many historic citadels are located in the country of Ireland. Synonyms- fort, stronghold, bulwark, bastion

Collaborate (v.) to work together After an hour of hard work the kids seemed to collaborate very well-mannered. Synonyms- team up, join forces Antonyms- work alone

Decree (n.) an order having the force of law; (v.) to issue such an order; to command firmly or forcefully “There went forth a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed.” Synonyms- (n.) proclamation, edict; (v.) proclaim

Discordant (adj.) disagreeable in sound, jarring; lacking in harmony, conflicting There was a high discordant sound coming from the factory made machine. Synonyms- grating, shrill, different, divergent Antonyms- harmonious, in agreement

Evolve (v.) to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level Over time and history the world has evolved into to such a beautiful environment. Synonyms- unfold, emerge Antonyms- wither, shrivel up, atrophy

Excerpt (n.) a passage taken from a book, article, etc.; (v.) to take such a passage; to quote We used the excerpt on the Koons trial to answer he questions. Synonyms- portion, section, extract

Grope (v.) to feel about hesitantly with hands; to search blindly and uncertainly I groped through my room when the power went off so I could reach my mom and tell her that I was safe. Synonyms- fumble for, cast about for

Hover (v.) to float or hang suspended over; to move back and forth uncertainly over or around The cat hovered over the fish tank waiting for a fish to appear. Synonyms- linger, waver, seesaw Antonyms- soar

Jostle (v.) to make or force one’s way by pushing or elbowing; to bump, shove, brush against; to compete for I had to jostle with my little sister into the bathtub to get her clean. Synonyms- push

Laggard (n.) a person who moves slowly or falls behind; (adj.) falling behind; slow move, act, or respond My brother was acting like a laggard getting up in the morning. Synonyms-(n.) slowpoke, straggler; (adj.) sluggish Antonyms-(n.) early bird; (adj.) swift, speedy, prompt

Plaudits (n.) applause; enthusiastic praise or approval The music director politely asked for a plaudits from the audience. Synonyms- cheers, acclaim Antonyms- boos, disapproval, ridicule

Preclude (v.) to make impossible, prevent, shut out We preclude the negative ideas. Synonyms- hinder, check stop Antonyms- help, promote, facilitate

Revert (v.) to return, go back We reverted to the “G” building at the end of the day. Synonyms- relapse, regress Antonyms- progress, advance

Rubble (n.) broken stone or bricks; ruins After 9/11 there were many pieces of rubble in the streets of New York. Synonyms- wreckage, debris

Servile (adj.) of or relating to slave; behaving like or suitable for a slave or a servant, menial; lacking spirit or independence, abjectly submissive The maid was being very servile to Ms.Darns. Synonyms- slavish, groveling, fawning Antonyms- masterly, overbearing

Vigil (n.) a watch, especially at night; any period of watchful attention There was a steady vigil going on at the police station.

Wrangle (v.) to quarrel or argue in a noisy, angry way; to obtain by argument; to herd; (n.) a noisy quarrel The two children began to wrangle over the blocks. Synonyms- (v.) squabble, bicker Antonyms-(v.) agree, concur