Goal 1 (#1-9) Learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry.

Number the following in order of the Scientific Method. ___ Collect/Analyze Data ___ Hypothesis becomes a Theory ___ Conclusion/Modifications ___ Hypothesis ___ Identify Problem ___ Experiment ___ Research/Background/ Observations 5 7 6 3 1 4 2

Suzie Q wants to know how different colors of light effect the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive the best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 mL of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements. Hypothesis: Variable: Control: Conclusion: Plants will survive better in white light. White Light Dark

Goal 2 Learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life.

Macromolecules (2.01) Carbohydrates Made of: Sugars Examples: Test: Sugars Glucose, sucrose, fructose, glycogen, starch cellulose Benedicts solution (blue  yellow) or Iodine (brown  black)

Macromolecules (2.01) Nucleic Acids Made of: Examples: Test: Nucleotide (sugar, phosphate, base) DNA or RNA None

Macromolecules (2.01) Lipids Made of: Examples: Test: Fatty acids and glycerol phospholipids Newspaper or brownbag (opaque  transparent)

Macromolecules (2.01) Proteins Made of: Examples: Amino Acids Test: ENZYMES Biuret Solution (blue  purple)

Question 1 The brown paper test for lipids is positive when food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the strongest positive test for lipids? A. potato chips B. bread C. sugar D. carrots

Enzymes (2.04) speed up reaction by _________________ activation energy. are _______________, have only one substrate. Are denatured by ______ and ___________________. reusable catalyst decreasing specific pH temperature

Examples: Amylase (saliva) Catalase (liver) Protease (stomach) Lipase (intestine) PRODUCT SUBSTRATE Active site ENZYME DOES NOT CHANGE SHAPE!!! ENZYME

Question 2 Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures? A. They have been converted to tripeptides. B. Their water content has been reduced. Their bonding structure has been changed. They have combined with another enzyme.

Cells (2.02) Prokaryotic Cells DNA capsaid DO NOT have (lack) nucleus NO organelles Smallest cells Simplest cells EX) BACTERIA and ARCHAE CELL MEMBRANE DNA capsaid RIBOSOMES

Eukaryotic Cells Have nucleus Have organelles PLANT mitochondria nucleus ribosome Eukaryotic Cells Have nucleus Have organelles Can be unicellular or multicellular organisms vacuole Cell wall Cell membrane ribosome nucleus ANIMAL mitochondria

Question 3 A student examines a cell under the microscope and determines that it is a eukaryote. Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion? Vacuole Nucleus cell wall ribosome

________ Make food using _______________ Organelles: Identify the organelle and if it if found in a plant or animal cell ________ Make food using _______________ Chlorophyll- green pigment that captures light ________ Use food to make _________ ________ Enzymes that breakdown materials ________ Regulates what enters and leaves cell ________ Support and protects cells ________ Contains genetic info (_________) ________ Makes protein Chloroplast Mitochondria Lysosome Cell membrane Cell wall Nucleus Ribosomes sunlight Energy (ATP) DNA

Plant Cell Animal Cell Nucleus Cell wall Chloroplast DNA Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane LARGE vacuole Nucleus Lysosomes DNA Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Both Nucleus DNA Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane

Question 4 While observing an Elodea plant cell through a microscope, a student noticed some small, moving green disks. These organelles were most likely which of the following? Chloroplasts leucoplasts mitochondria ribosomes

Cell Specialization in multicellular organisms Neuron = communication Red Blood Cell = transport oxygen White Blood Cell= fight infection Skin cell = protection

Cell Homeostasis (2.03) Cell Membrane and Transport PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

Semi-permable Allows some materials (small, nonpolar) to enter and leave cell

Question 5 What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane? to regulate energy production in the cell to keep mitochondria from using nuclear material to maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the cell to control materials entering and leaving the cell

Diffusion Passive Osmosis Active Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy (ATP) Movement of molecules from a high to low concentration Movement of WATER from a high to low concentration

Question 6 A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time? A. The cell will gain H2O and expand. B. The cell will lose H2O and shrink. C. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of H2O; thus, it will remain the same size. D.The cell will undergo no exchange of H2O with its surroundings.

Question 7 What regulates the flow of water through a cell membrane? the concentration of solutes the absence of a cell wall the thickness of the membrane the presence of the cell wall

Question 8 Which of the following statements concerning diffusion and active transport is correct? Both diffusion and active transport require cell energy. Neither diffusion nor active transport requires cell energy. Diffusion requires cell energy while active transport does not. Active transport requires cell energy while diffusion does not.

CO2 C6H12O6 CO2 H2O O2 H2O Cell Energy (2.04) light Cellular respiration ATP Photosynthesis CO2 C6H12O6 CO2 H2O O2 H2O

Photosynthesis Equation: CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Cellular Respiration Equation: C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP

Cellular Respiration Aerobic- Anaerobic- uses oxygen Makes more ATP (36) NO oxygen Makes less ATP (2) AKA fermentation Lactic acid = muscle burn Alcoholic = bread, wine, cheese

Question 9 Cellular respiration is carried out by which of the following? all living organisms all of the time animals but not plants animals all of the time but plants only at night heterotrophs but not autotrophs

How obtain nutrients? Autotroph Heterotroph Make their own food Chemosynthesis or photosynthesis Ex) plants, protists, bacteria Eat/ingest food Ex) carnivore E) omnivore Ex) herbivore Ex) decomposer

Goal 1 & 2 Questions 1-18

Question 1 The brown paper test for lipids is positive when food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the strongest positive test for lipids? A. potato chips B. bread C. sugar D. carrots

Question 1 The brown paper test for lipids is positive when food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the strongest positive test for lipids? A. potato chips B. bread C. sugar D. carrots

Question 2 Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures? A. They have been converted to tripeptides. B. Their water content has been reduced. Their bonding structure has been changed. They have combined with another enzyme.

Question 2 Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures? A. They have been converted to tripeptides. B. Their water content has been reduced. Their bonding structure has been changed. They have combined with another enzyme.

Question 3 A student examines a cell under the microscope and determines that it is a eukaryote. Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion? Vacuole Nucleus cell wall ribosome

Question 3 A student examines a cell under the microscope and determines that it is a eukaryote. Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion? Vacuole Nucleus cell wall ribosome

Question 4 While observing an Elodea plant cell through a microscope, a student noticed some small, moving green disks. These organelles were most likely which of the following? Chloroplasts leucoplasts mitochondria ribosomes

Question 4 While observing an Elodea plant cell through a microscope, a student noticed some small, moving green disks. These organelles were most likely which of the following? Chloroplasts leucoplasts mitochondria ribosomes

Question 5 What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane? to regulate energy production in the cell to keep mitochondria from using nuclear material to maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the cell to control materials entering and leaving the cell

Question 5 What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane? to regulate energy production in the cell to keep mitochondria from using nuclear material to maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the cell to control materials entering and leaving the cell

Question 6 A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time? A. The cell will gain H2O and expand. B. The cell will lose H2O and shrink. C. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of H2O; thus, it will remain the same size. D.The cell will undergo no exchange of H2O with its surroundings.

Question 6 A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time? A. The cell will gain H2O and expand. B. The cell will lose H2O and shrink. C. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of H2O; thus, it will remain the same size. D.The cell will undergo no exchange of H2O with its surroundings.

Question 7 What regulates the flow of water through a cell membrane? the concentration of solutes the absence of a cell wall the thickness of the membrane the presence of the cell wall

Question 7 What regulates the flow of water through a cell membrane? the concentration of solutes the absence of a cell wall the thickness of the membrane the presence of the cell wall

Question 8 Which of the following statements concerning diffusion and active transport is correct? Both diffusion and active transport require cell energy. Neither diffusion nor active transport requires cell energy. Diffusion requires cell energy while active transport does not. Active transport requires cell energy while diffusion does not.

Question 8 Which of the following statements concerning diffusion and active transport is correct? Both diffusion and active transport require cell energy. Neither diffusion nor active transport requires cell energy. Diffusion requires cell energy while active transport does not. Active transport requires cell energy while diffusion does not.

Question 9 Cellular respiration is carried out by which of the following? all living organisms all of the time animals but not plants animals all of the time but plants only at night heterotrophs but not autotrophs

Question 9 Cellular respiration is carried out by which of the following? all living organisms all of the time animals but not plants animals all of the time but plants only at night heterotrophs but not autotrophs ATP!!!

Question 10 The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence or absence of which of the following? membrane-bound organelles Cytoplasm a cell membrane nucleic acids

Question 10 The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence or absence of which of the following? membrane-bound organelles Cytoplasm a cell membrane nucleic acids

Question 11 Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells? cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA mitochondria

Question 11 Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells? cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA mitochondria

Question 12 At which organelle are proteins manufactured? Mitochondrion Nucleus Ribosome Vacuole

Question 12 At which organelle are proteins manufactured? Mitochondrion Nucleus Ribosome Vacuole Made, produced, synthesized

Question 13 A plant has been removed from its natural environment and placed into a body of water that contains more salt than the inside of each plant cell. This situation is most similar to which of the following events? A a sea plant put into fresh water B a freshwater plant put into sea water C a sea plant put into distilled water D a land plant put into tap water

Question 13 A plant has been removed from its natural environment and placed into a body of water that contains more salt than the inside of each plant cell. This situation is most similar to which of the following events? A a sea plant put into fresh water B a freshwater plant put into sea water C a sea plant put into distilled water D a land plant put into tap water

Question 14 While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, students placed the aquarium plants in a container of distilled water. What effect will this have on the plants? A The plant cells will separate. B The plant cells will shrink. C The plant cells will swell. D The plant cells will remain the same.

Question 14 While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, students placed the aquarium plants in a container of distilled water. What effect will this have on the plants? A The plant cells will separate. B The plant cells will shrink. C The plant cells will swell. D The plant cells will remain the same.

Question 15 What would happen to a marine protozoan if removed from its normal habitat and placed into a freshwater pool? loss of water through osmosis loss of water through active transport gain of water through osmosis gain of water through active transport

Question 15 What would happen to a marine protozoan if removed from its normal habitat and placed into a freshwater pool? loss of water through osmosis loss of water through active transport gain of water through osmosis gain of water through active transport

Question 16 In the lungs, the movement of carbon dioxide out of cells and oxygen into cells can best be explained by which of the following processes? active transport Diffusion Endocytosis osmosis

Question 16 In the lungs, the movement of carbon dioxide out of cells and oxygen into cells can best be explained by which of the following processes? active transport Diffusion Endocytosis osmosis

Two students set up the following apparatus in a lab Two students set up the following apparatus in a lab. A pipette was filled with a mixture of yeast and apple juice and inverted in a test tube filled with warm water. The students observed bubbles being released from the end of the pipette.

Question 17 Which of the following most likely represents the gas being released? carbon dioxide hydrogen peroxide Oxygen nitrogen

Question 17 Which of the following most likely represents the gas being released? carbon dioxide hydrogen peroxide Oxygen nitrogen

Question 18 Which of the following processes releases the most ATP per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use? aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration Chemosynthesis photosynthesis

Question 18 Which of the following processes releases the most ATP per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use? aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration Chemosynthesis photosynthesis