Environmental Factors Affecting Corals Water Motion Depth: photic vs aphotic zone & water motion Sedimentation Salinity: 32-35 o / oo Temperature: 18-32.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Human Impacts on Our Coral Reefs

Advertisements

The Marine Biome Cycle carbon dioxide and oxygen on Earth

Erica Weston. The Importance of Coral Reefs Coral reefs are like the rainforests of the sea Biologically diverse Support 33% of marine fish species Provides.

What is climate change? By burning fossil fuels and other activities, humans are creating a thick blanket of greenhouse gases around the Earth. This blanket.

Aquatic Biodiversity Chapter 8. Core Case Study: Why Should We Care about Coral Reefs? (1)  Biodiversity  Formation  Important ecological and economic.

Coral Reefs By: Alica Majercinova Geography 12.

Coral Reefs. Corals are Colonial Organisms Almost all corals are colonial organisms. This means that they are composed of hundreds to hundreds of thousands.

Coral Reefs and Human Activity Keerthi Potluri and Tina Stancheva Human Nature, Technology and the Environment April 15, 2003.

Cambridge Marine Science AS Level

Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.

Marine Ecology Coral reefs.

Coral Reefs. Scleractinian corals Phyllum Cnidaria –Class Anthozoa Subclass Zoantharia –Order Scleractinia Only polyp phase (no medusae) Colonial organisms.

Threats to Coral Reefs Natural and Human. Threats from Nature Unusually strong waves such as those from a hurricane Water temperature changes Dramatic.

Part II Section 5.  What is a coral? What is a coral?  Healthy corals accumulate CaCO 3 at rate of 3-15 meters in 1000 years.

How Do Humans Affect the Coastal Environment of Barbados?

Chapter 7 Section 2 Environmental Science Ms. Mandel

Hannah, Brooks, Alex, Kyle. Location Background World’s largest reef system 2,900 individual reefs, 7% of reef is coral Tourism generates 4-5 billion.

April 2012 TEN THREATS TO OCEAN HEALTH. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Sea levels rise Temperature rises Storms, floods, weather Current patterns Coral bleaching.

Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 3 Global Impacts Part 3 Global Impacts.

Environmental Problems Pollution Climate Change. Marine Pollution The introduction into the ocean by humans, substances that changes the physical, chemical.

Hurricanes Hurricanes start as tropical storms. After moving to hit the land, a tropical storm is then changed to a Hurricane, and given a name. Most.

Ocean Systems. Background Facts: More than half the U.S. populations live in coastal counties. The resident population in this area is expected to increase.

Chapter 7 Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental Science Spring 2011.

Human Impacts on Our Coral Reefs Global Warming Sedimentation Over-Fishing Careless Recreation Part 3 Pollution.

1. Coral Atoll 2. Fringing Reef 3. Barrier Reef. CORAL ATOLL Isolated ring shaped reef rising out of deep water.

Chapter 7, Living in the Environment, 14th edition, G. Tyler Miller

Aquatic Biodiversity Chapter 8. Core Case Study: Why Should We Care about Coral Reefs?  Biodiversity  Formation  Important ecological and economic.

Marine Ecosystems Chapter 7.2 I. Marine Ecosystems –A. Identified by: presence of salt water –B. Includes: Coastal Wetlands Coral Reefs Oceans Polar.

Environmental Science.  I. Objectives  A. Explain why an estuary is a very productive ecosystem  B. Compare salt marshes and mangrove swamps  C. Describe.

Aquatic Biodiversity G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 7 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter.

 Invertebrate marine animal  A polyp that begins to form an exoskeleton ◦ CO 2 & Ca in the water to make calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) aka limestone 

Marine Ecosystems Chapter 7.2 I. Marine Ecosystems –A. Identified by: presence of salt water –B. Includes: Coastal Wetlands Coral Reefs Oceans Polar.

Climate Change Indicators and Evidence. Temperature Changes Temperature records can be gathered from around the globe and have been consistently monitored.

Coral Reefs & Lagoons Part 2

Coral Reef Ecology Types of Coral Reefs Found in the Florida Keys Outer Bank Spur and Groove Reef Outer Bank Spur and Groove Reef –Found on the outer.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Animals of the Benthic Environment Rocky and sandy shores Coral Reef Deep Sea.

The Marine Biome Cycle carbon dioxide and oxygen on Earth Modifies temperatures changes Most important: provides stability to the web of life on Earth.

 made up of all waters between continents…”The World Ocean”  because waters are interconnected can be thought of as one large biome with many different.

How Humans Are Hurting Our Oceans Chapter 13: Exploring the Oceans.

Reef-Building Corals. Coral reefs are produced by millions of coral, _____________, each removing calcium and carbonate from sea water and depositing.

The majority of reef building corals are found within tropical and subtropical waters. These typically occur between 30 north and 30 south latitudes. The.

Human Impact on The Oceans. The Ocean  One of the most valuable and untapped resources.  Yet, seriously threatened by what humans have done to it. 

CHAPTER 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere.

Chapter 7 section 2 Marine ecosystems. Marine Ecosystems coastal areas and open ocean. coastal organisms adapt to changes in water level and salinity.

Marine Ecosystems. Oceans Sunlight only penetrates 330 ft into the ocean (photic layer) Sunlight only penetrates 330 ft into the ocean (photic layer)

Bellringer Using p in your textbook, list 7 organisms commonly found in an estuary. Using p in your textbook, list 7 organisms commonly.

Aquatic Biodiversity Chapter 8. Core Case Study: Why Should We Care about Coral Reefs?  Biodiversity  Formation  Important ecological and economic.

CORAL REEF CONSERVATION

Environmental Science – Chapter 7

Chapter 7-2 Marine Ecosystems.

Coastal Ecosystems: Physical aspects

Marine Habitats.

Conditions necessary for reef development

Chapter 7 Section 2 Environmental Science Ms. Mandel

Happy Tuesday! – 11/8 Which of the following is a shallow zone in a freshwater habitat where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants? A Benthic.

Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

Coral Reefs & Lagoons Part 3

Environmental impacts

HUMAN IMPACTS on ECOSYSTEMS

Projected changes to coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses

Marine Ecosystems.

Marine Ecosystems.

Projected changes to coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses

Threats to Coral Reefs Natural and Human.

Projected changes to coral reefs and mangroves

Presentation transcript:

Environmental Factors Affecting Corals Water Motion Depth: photic vs aphotic zone & water motion Sedimentation Salinity: o / oo Temperature: o C Tidal fluctuations Nutrients: Eutrophic vs oligotrophic Water Motion Depth: photic vs aphotic zone & water motion Sedimentation Salinity: o / oo Temperature: o C Tidal fluctuations Nutrients: Eutrophic vs oligotrophic

 What is a coral? What is a coral?  Healthy corals accumulate CaCO 3 at rate of 3-15 meters in 1000 years

 Predation  Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci): coral predator in Indo-Pacific Reefs  Time lag = cause/effect (max. # of predators as coral level falls)  Removal of the starfish Removal of the starfish Click video

 Storm Damage ◦ Hurricanes or tropical storms ◦ Physical breakage of corals ◦ Abrasive sediments  Hurricane Hattie (1961 – Cat 5) destroyed 43 km of the British Honduras barrier reef ◦ Recovery – 25 to 100 years

 Exposure to air ◦ Corals dry out ◦ Overheat

 Reef erosion = shores/coastal properties are exposed to damages from waves  Artificial reefs: human-made structures = concrete/stone blocks, sacks filled with sand or shipwrecks (sunken ships) ◦ Colonized by algae, corals and fish ◦ Used as submerged breakwater  Dissipate wave energy Click

 Prevents erosion of land  Anchorage/protection for harbors  New habitats  Increase fishing areas  Tourism – snorkeling/diving

 USS Oriskany (2006)

 Geomorphology – study of landforms and processes involved in shaping them

 Shows growth and geological history of reef  Carbon Dating – age of coral sample ◦ As corals grow, carbon (from carbon dioxide) is deposited in their skeleton as CaCO 3 ◦ 14C carbon slowly decays to 12C  Proportion of 14C to 12C estimates age of coral  Can estimate age up to 50,000 years old

 Deep drilling – cores of material to identify corals and estimate growth rate ◦ Have ‘bands’ just like tree rings (give age)  Evidence of growth rate due to environmental conditions like temperature or nutrient availability

 Growth up to 20m deep  Fossil corals found at 1200 m is evidence of subsidence (caving in and sinking of land area) ◦ New coral grow on top of old as reef gradually sinks  Fossil corals found above sea level ◦ Evidence of changes in sea level  Mexico – sea level changes between ice ages

Human impacts on coral includes: Aquarium/Souvenir Trade Overfishing Pollution Dredging Coastal Development Tourism Global Climate Change Ozone Depletion

Coral Reefs: Human Impact Worldwide disappearance Fishing with explosives Waste oil dumping Sediments Philippines: 75% of the reefs damaged

Dynamiting Reef

Destructive Resource Extraction Practices

Toxic Chemical Spills

Sediment Plume Entering the Ocean

Corals Smothered in Sediment

Dredging

Coastal Development

Anchor Damage

Diver Damage

Ecotourism Pennekamp Reef, Key Largo, FL

Net Damage

Net Entanglement

Overfishing and Bycatch

Ornamental Trade: Fan worm Threadfin Butterfly fish

Introduced Species Acanthophora, Eucheuma, & Gracillaria

Feeding Fish

Nutrients and Algae Growth Dictyosphaeria cavernosa

Bleaching

Global Bleaching (2002) none low moderate severe severity unknown

Acid Rain in Marine Environment reduces ability of marine organisms to utilize calcium carbonate Coral calcification rate reduced 15-20% Skeletal density decreased, branches thinner

Sea Level Rise

 Climate Close-up (paleoclimatology) Climate Close-up  Coral Reefs Coral Reefs