McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Learning Outcomes Identify and discuss the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Define combining forms used in building words that relate to the cardiovascular system. Summarize common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define the major pathological terms of the cardiovascular system. Define surgical terms related to the cardiovascular system. Recognize common pharmacological classifications used to treat disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define major pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Function/Structure Delivers blood to the body Oxygen and Nutrients to the body Removes waste and Carbon Dioxide

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Blood Circulation

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Heart Anatomy

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Combining Forms angi(o)blood vessel aort(o)aorta arteri(o), arter(o)artery ather(o)fatty matter atri(o)atrium

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Combining Forms cardi(o)heart hemangi(o)blood vessel pericardi(o)pericardium phleb(o)vein

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Combining Forms sphygm(o)pulse thromb(o)blood clot vas(o)blood vessel ven(o)vein

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Layers of the Heart

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Heart Valves Four Chambers Four valves allow blood flow in one directions Pulmonary, Aortic,Tricuspid, and Mitral Valves

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Heart Valves

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Structure & Function valves arteries veins lumen atrioventricular valve tricuspid valve bicuspid valve mitral valve semilunar valve pulmonary valve aortic valve

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Vessels Carry blood within the heart To tissues and organs Expand and Constrict to regulate blood flow

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Major Arteries

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Major Veins

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Blood Vessels of the Heart

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Blood Pressure Pressure in arteries Sphygmomanometer Stethoscope Contraction and Relaxation pressures

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Conduction System

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Conduction System Flow

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved AHA Catagories CategorySystolicDiastolic Normal<120and<80 Prehypertension Or80-89 High Stage Or90-99 Stage 2>160Or>100

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Fetal Circulation Fetal circulation is the circulatory system of the unborn child. Includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Path of Fetal Circulation

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Diagnostic, Procedural, Labs Diagnostic, procedure and laboratory findings assist the physician in diagnosing medical conditions. Final diagnosis Assist in treatment planning

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Angiogram

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Pathological Conditions Heart Rhythm Sinus rhythm normal Abnormal rhythms can be life threatening risk factor arrhythmia bradycardia tachycardia atrial fibrillation fibrillation dysrhythmia flutter bruit murmur

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Pathological Conditions (cont.) rub gallop palpitations atrioventricular block heart block premature atrial contractions (PACs) premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Blood Pressure Elevated blood pressure can lead to cardiovascular disorders Low blood pressure is usually not treated. hypertensive heart disease hypertension = high blood pressure hypotension = low blood pressure essential hypertension secondary hypertension

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Diseases of the Blood Vessels Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body Damaged blood vessels compromise flow Decreasing oxygen to the tissues and organs.

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Normal Vessel

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Vessel with Plaque

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Artery, Heart, Lung Disease Heart and lungs work together to provide oxygen Inadequate heart function Cause lung disease.

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Valve Conditions Valves responsible for maintaining blood flow Diseased valves cause cardiovascular symptoms

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Surgical Terms Cardiovascular surgery Blockages within the cardiac vessels Disorders of the heart valves

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Angioplasty

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Stent Placement

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Pharmacological Terms Medications can treat CV diseases and symptoms Drug Therapy Angina, heart attack, hypertension, high cholesterol, congestive heart failure, rhythm disorders and vascular problems

McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter Review Identify and discuss the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Define combining forms used in building words that relate to the cardiovascular system. Summarize common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define the major pathological terms of the cardiovascular system. Define surgical terms related to the cardiovascular system. Recognize common pharmacological classifications used to treat disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define major pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system