Unit 05 Tissues

Latin WordPrefix, Root, SuffixDefinition Epi-PrefixAbove TheliRootNipple; Teat -umSuffixStructure; tissue; thing MatrixRootWomb InterPrefixbetween SquamousRootScale Pseudo-PrefixFalse Endo-PrefixInner Exo-PrefixOuter Mero-PrefixPartially Apo-PrefixAway from Holo-RootWhole; Entire CrineRootSecrete LumenRootLight (cavity or channel) -blastSuffixGerm; sprout LacunaeRootUnfilled gap or space Write

5.1 Introduction Write

Objective I can identify the components that make up a tissue. Write

Tissues Cells Matrix (Intercellular Matrix) Listen

Matrix (Intercellular Substance) Tissues Tissues are composed of: Cells Groups/layers of cells with similar structure working together to carry out a certain function. Matrix Fluid and other substances surrounding the cells Cells Tissue Write

Objective I can list the four major categories of human body tissues and how they are classified. Write

All Body Tissues Muscle 3 Nervous 1 Epithelium 9 Connective 6 4 Types of Tissue Write

Tissue Classification Body tissues are classified by their cellular structure and function. Write

5.2 Epithelial Tissues Write

Objective I can identify and define the general characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue. Write

Basement Membrane Connective Tissue Free Surface

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics Structure Free surface and basement membrane No blood vessels Cells are tightly packed (very little matrix) Divide quickly Function Protective coverings Secretion Absorption Sensory Reception Write

Objective I can identify and classify the 9 types of epithelial tissue. Write

Epithelial Tissue Classification Epithelial tissue is classified by: Cell type # of layers Write

Epithelial Cell Types Cuboidal Squamous Columnar Simple = 1 layerStratified = More than 1 layer Write and Draw

Number of Layers Cell Type Transitional Glandular Specialized

Stratified Squamous

Simple Columnar

Stratified Columnar

Simple Squamous Epithelium Composed of: Squamous Cells 1 Layer Characteristics: Diffusion/Filtration Easily Damaged Quickly Reproduce Locations Alveoli (Lungs) Capillaries Blood/Lymph Vessels Parietal Membranes Basement Membrane Connective Tissue

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Composed of: Cuboidal Cells 1 Layer Characteristics: Nucleus in center Secretion/absorption Surrounds a lumen Locations Ovaries Kidneys Ducts of glands Lumen

Simple Columnar Epithelium Composed of: Columnar Cells 1 Layer Characteristics: Nuclei at same level Elongation = protection Secretion/Absorption Microvilli/Cillia Goblet Cells = mucous Locations Trachea Uterus Digestive Tract Basement Membrane Connective Tissue Goblet Cell

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium Composed of: Columnar Cells 1 Layer Characteristics: Nuclei at different levels Elongation = protection Secretion/Absorption Microvilli/Cillia Goblet Cells = mucous Locations Respiratory tract Basement Membrane Connective Tissue Goblet Cell

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Composed of: Squamous Cells Multiple Layers Characteristics: Thick Provides Protection Locations Epidermis of Skin Basement Membrane Connective Tissue

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Composed of: Cuboidal Cells 2-3 Layers Characteristics: Lines a lumen Protection of glands Locations Mammary glands Sweat glands Salivary glands Lumen

Stratified Columnar Epithelium Composed of: Columnar Cells Multiple Layers Characteristics: Bottom layer more cuboid Locations Urethra Vas Deferens Pharynx Basement Membrane Connective Tissue

Transitional Composed of: Cuboidal Multiple layers Characteristics: Stretchy Locations Bladder Urinary Tract

Glandular Composed of: Specialized cells Characteristics: Found within cuboidal/columnar epithelium tissue Locations Glands

Objective Students will be able to describe the structure and function of a gland. Write

Glands Gland Structure: Composed of one or more specialized cells. Function: To secrete substances

Objective Students will be able to differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands Write

Endocrine and Exocrine glands Endocrine Secrete inside Examples: Lots Endocrine system Exocrine Secrete outside Examples Sweat glands Mammary glands

Objective Students will be able to differentiate between the three types of specialized glandular cells and how they work. Write

Merocrine “partial secretion” Release watery fluid via exocytosis Apocrine “away from secretion” Top part is lost in secretion Holocrine “whole secretion” Entire cell is lost in secretion

5.3 Connective Tissue Write

Objective Students will understand the general characteristics of connective tissue. Write

Connective Tissue General Characteristics Structure Cells are farther apart More Matrix Can divide Blood Vessels/Blood Supply Function Bind Structures Provide Support/Protection Fill spaces Store fat Produce Blood Fight infections Repair tissue damage Write

Objective Students will be able to identify the components of connective tissue Write

Epithelial Tissue Classification Connective Tissue are classified by Cell type Fiber composition in the matrix Write

Connective Tissue Cell Types Write and Draw Fibroblasts Star shaped Produce fibers into the matrix Macrophages Defensive cells that eat invaders via phagocytosis Mast Cells Release heparin which prevents blood clotting Release histamine which causes inflammation

Connective Tissue Fibers Write CollagenousElasticReticular Thick Fibers composed of collagen protein Thin fibers composed of elastin protein Thin fibers composed of collagen Long parallel bundlesBranchesHighly branched Flexible; only slightly elastic Stretch easily and resumes shape Create delicate supports Resists pulling forces Example: Ligament and tendons Example: Vocal cordsExample: Lymph tissue

Connective Tissue Fibers Write and Draw Collagenous Fibers Thick fibers composed of collagen protein Long parallel bundles Flexible; only slightly elastic Resist pulling forces Example: Ligaments and Tendons Elastic Fibers Thin fibers composed of elastin protein Form branches Stretch easily and resume original shape Example: vocal cords Reticular Fibers Thin fibers composed of collagen Highly branched Create delicate supports

Objective 10 Students will able to categorize the 6 connective tissues as either Connective Tissue Proper or specialized Connective Tissue Write

Two Types of Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Loose Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue Dense Connective Tissue Specialized Connective Tissue Cartilage Bones Blood

Objective 11 Students will able to identify the 6 connective tissue types based on their composition and looks. Write

Loose Connective Tissue Composed of: Spread out fibroblast cells Many collagenous and elastic fibers spread out Characteristics: Forms delicate thin membranes Bind skin to organs Fills space b/w muscles Locations All over body

Loose Connective Tissue Composed of: Very few fibroblasts Collagen and elastic fibers densely packed Characteristics: Binds body parts together Poor blood supply = slow regeneration Resistant to force Locations Tendons (bone to muscle) ligaments (bone to bone)

Adipose Tissue Composed of: Adipocytes Characteristics: Cushions joints Stores fat for energy Locations Under the skin Abdominal cavity Around kidneys

Cartilage Composed of: Chondrocytes Collagen Fibers Lacunae Characteristics: Rigid Support Protection Attachment Locations Ribs Ear Nose Joints

Bone Composed of: Mineral Salts (calcium) Osteocytes Collagen Fibers Characteristics: Most Rigid Internal Support Protection Muscle Attachment Central Canal Osteons (concentric circles) Locations Skeleton

Blood Composed of: RBC WBC Platelets Plasma Characteristics: Transports Immune System Locations Arteries and Veins

Objective 11 Students will be able to Write

Objective 11 Students will understand the general characteristics of muscle tissue. Write