Overview of Supersymmetry and Dark Matter John Ellis King’s College London (& CERN)

Strange Recipe for a Universe The ‘Standard Model’ of the Universe indicated by astrophysics and cosmology

Relic Density Calculation Freeze-out from thermal equilibrium Typical annihilation cross section ~ 3 ✕ 10-26 cm2 Lower if coannihilation with related particles

300,000 years Formation of atoms Formation of nuclei 3 minutes Formation of protons & neutrons 1 micro- second Appearance of dark matter? 1 pico- second Appearance of mass? Appearance of matter?

Classic Dark Matter Signature Missing transverse energy carried away by dark matter particles

Supersymmetry What else is there? Successful prediction for Higgs mass Should be < 130 GeV in simple models Successful predictions for Higgs couplings Should be within few % of SM values Could explain the dark matter Naturalness, GUTs, string, … (???)

Higgs Bosons in Supersymmetry Need 2 complex Higgs doublets (cancel anomalies, form of SUSY couplings) 8 – 3 = 5 physical Higgs bosons Scalars h, H; pseudoscalar A; charged H± Lightest Higgs < MZ at tree level: Important radiative corrections to mass: ΔMH|TH ~ 1.5 GeV

MSSM Higgs Masses & Couplings Lightest Higgs mass up to ~ 130 GeV Heavy Higgs masses quite close Consistent With LHC

Supersymmetric Higgs Couplings Very similar to those in the SM Present data do not constrain supersymmetric models Need future collider to distinguish H to WW

Where May SUSY be Hiding? Excluded because stau or stop LSP Stop coannihilation strip Excluded by ATLAS Jest + MET search Excluded by b  s γ, Bs  μ+μ- Relic density constraint, assuming neutralino LSP Stau coannihilation strip JE, Olive & Zheng: arXiv:1404.5571

Data Electroweak precision observables Flavour physics observables gμ - 2 Higgs mass Dark matter LHC Deviation from Standard Model: Supersymmetry at low scale, or …? MH = 125.6 ± 0.3 ± 1.5 GeV MasterCode: O.Buchmueller, JE et al.

O. Buchmueller, R. Cavanaugh, M. Citron, A. De Roeck, M.J. Dolan, J.E., H. Flacher, S. Heinemeyer, G. Isidori, J. Marrouche, D. Martinez Santos, S. Nakach, K.A. Olive, S. Rogerson, F.J. Ronga, K.J. de Vries, G. Weiglein

Search with ~ 20/fb @ 8 TeV 13

p-value of simple models ~ 5% (also SM) 2012 20/fb Scan of CMSSM Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:1312.5250 p-value of simple models ~ 5% (also SM)

LHC Reach for Supersymmetry K. De Vries (MasterCode) Confronted with likelihood analysis of CMSSM

Favoured values of squark mass also significantly 2012 1 5 20/fb Reach of LHC at High luminosity Squark mass CMSSM Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:1312.5250 Favoured values of squark mass also significantly above pre-LHC, > 1.6 TeV

Favoured values of gluino mass significantly 2012 1 5 20/fb Reach of LHC at High luminosity Gluino mass CMSSM CMSSM Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:1312.5250 Favoured values of gluino mass significantly above pre-LHC, > 1.8 TeV

Proton-Proton Colliders: Luminosity and Energy Future runs of the LHC: Run 2: 30/fb @ 13/14 TeV Run 3: 300/fb @ 14 TeV HL-LHC: 3000/fb @ 14 TeV? (proposed in CERN’s medium-term plan) HE-LHC: 3000/fb @ 33 TeV?? (high-field magnets in the LHC tunnel) VHE-LHC: 3000/fb @ 100 TeV?? (high-field magnets in 80/100 km tunnel)

Exploring the Stau Coannihilation Strip Disappearing tracks, missing-energy + jets, massive metastable charged particles Present sensitivity Present sensitivity Desai, JE, Luo & Marrouche: arXiv:1404.5061 Prospective sensitivity of LHC Run II

What Parts of High-Mass Parameter Space are Allowed? Imposing dark matter density constraint Focus-point strip: A0 ~ 0, large m0/m1/2 Extends to m1/2 ~ 4 TeV Neutralino has Higgsino mixture Truncated by mh O. Buchmueller, JE, K. Olive et al.

What Parts of High-Mass Parameter Space are Allowed? Imposing dark matter density constraint Stop coannihilation strip: A0 ~ 3 m0, large m0/m1/2 Extends to m1/2 ~ 13 TeV Very small mass difference: mstop – mχ mh very uncertain HE-LHC LHC 3000 LHC 300 LHC 8 TeV O. Buchmueller, JE, K. Olive et al.

Exploring the Stop Coannihilation Strip Extends close to boundary of stop LSP wedge Extends to masses far beyond current limits Sensitivity of LHC Run II Present bounds JE, Olive & Zheng: arXiv:1404.5571

Exploring the Stop Coannihilation Strip Extended by Sommerfeld effects on annihilations Compatible with LHC measurement of mh May extend to mχ = mstop ~ 6500 GeV JE, Olive & Zheng: arXiv:1404.5571

Exploring the Stop Coannihilation Strip Present limits extend to mstop ~250 GeV Future LHC runs should reach mχ=mstop~500 GeV Unfinished business for FCC-hh? JE, Olive & Zheng: arXiv:1404.5571

Direct Dark Matter Searches Compilation of present and future sensitivities Range calculated along stop strip Neutrino “wall” JE, Olive & Zheng