1.Identify the type of organic compound that is represented to the right. 2.Which chemical reaction created this compound? 3. Identify the type of organic compound that is represented above. 4. Which chemical reaction is represented in the diagram above?

Dehydatrion Synthesis Hydrolysis FormingBreaking Down Small to largeLarge to small Two to oneOne to two H2O

SUBSTRATE ENZYME LOCK & KEY MODEL ACTIVE SITE ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN THE MOLECULES WITH WHICH THEY INTERACT. There is an active site where the actual chemical reaction takes place There is an active site where the actual chemical reaction takes place. Enzymes are used temporarily & then recycled Enzymes are used temporarily & then recycled. ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX

Enzyme Substrates Enzyme-substrate complex Product 5 Active Site DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

Enzymes have an ACTIVE SITE, where substrate molecules fit temporarily into the enzyme. ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX Forms an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX SUBSTRATE ACTIVE SITE PRODUCT

HYDROLYSIS

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

DAY 2

DO NOW:

1. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C. OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE DENATURES

DENATURATION The loss of effectiveness of an enzyme. The enzyme begins to break down. OPTIMUM Maximum amount of activity

Which quadrant show optimum enzyme activity?

2. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each other By adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate. The reactions maximum rate is reached when all enzymes are attached to substrate.

What’s happening in this graph?

3. pH: The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7. Exceptions Exceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease) Pepsin works best at pH of 3 Trypsin (intestinal protease) Trypsin pH of 8

pH: Human enzymes function best at a pH of 7

Temperature: Human enzymes function best at 98.6 o F

Concentration: the ratio of substrate and enzyme, As the concentration of either is increased the rate of reaction increases.

Enzyme Function The rate at which an enzyme functions is affected by: – pH – Temperature – Concentration of substrate

1. Identify A, C, D 2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what must figures A & B represent?

Neutral

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. A scale with values ranging from below 0 to above 14

Acids Substances with a pH below 7 are acidic. An acid is any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water. Example: Lemon juice and soda

Bases Substances with a pH above 7 are basic. A base is any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH - ) in water. Example: Soap and household cleaners

Neutral A substance that is neither acidic nor basic or a pH of 7 is neutral Example : Water Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe chemicals, just like hot and cold are two extremes that describe temperature.

Used to test the level of pH Provides a specific number Used to identify is the substance in an acid or a base

TASTE SOUR, REACT WITH METALS AND TURN LITMUS PAPER RED TASTE BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY, REACT WITH LITMUS PAPER TO TURN IT BLUE

Used to test for the presence of glucose Used to test for the presence of proteins Used to test for the presence of starch

BELOW 7ACIDIC BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDIC. ABOVE 7BASIC ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASIC. pH IS 7NEUTRAL. IF THE pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRAL. Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.