What schools need to address and monitor 1) How conducive hearing loss can affect language and communication. 2) How these deficits contribute to lack of learning, student frustration and disruptive behaviour. 3) What environmental factors can be managed to assist students learning 4) What strategies and activities can be used to combat the above barriers Strategies that can be used to assist Indigenous (and non Indigenous) students with asthma Environmental Reduce known allergens Minimise plants and organic material Ensure appropriate ventilation Ensure easy/quick access to medications Know the asthma care plan and how to administer life saving medication Teaching and learning Plan physical activity lessons to coincide with reliever medication schedule Incorporate asthma education into your lesson Ensure your class knows the asthma warning signs (Asthma Plan of Action, 2015, Asthma Australia, 2015, U.S Department of Education)

Environmental Minimise environmental noise Appropriate seating Ensure hearing aids (if used) are working Use of sound field amplification system Visual posters ‘how to prevent ear infections’ and ‘breath, blow. Cough’ Strategies that can be used to assist Indigenous (and non Indigenous) students with hearing loss Teaching and learning Breath, blow, cough Predictable daily routines Utilise visual learning material to reduce demand for listening ‘buddy’ and collaborative small group learning Awareness of traditional and culturally relevant learning styles Repeating and summarising instruction Pre teaching vocabulary and skills Australian Government, n.d., Department of Education Western Australia, 2002, Harrison, 2011, Hughes & More, 1997,

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