 Puberty -physical changes that mark the transition from childhood to young adulthood.  two general types of physical development - bodily changes and sexual maturation  Biggest growth spurt–starts at 11  Adult 15 years for females, 17 for males  gender differences – females more fat, males more muscle  primary sex characteristics – reproductive organs  secondary sex characteristics – not directly linked to reproduction  menarche -first menstruation, early cycles are irregular and without ovulation  spermarche -the ejaculation of sperm  Mood changes are strongly related to SOCIAL concerns  THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - regulates growth, metabolism, and sexual behavior and readies the body for action and primarily utilizes a feedback system. 1.The endocrine organs are called glands. 2.The glands secrete chemicals called hormones. 3.They are carried throughout the body for diffuse effect which is slower but more durable than neurotransmitters by being secreted into the bloodstream 4.so they can influence target organs and the sympathetic branch of central nervous system

HYPOTHALAMUS is part of the brain that lies just above the pituitary gland, controlling it through several "releasing" hormones. GONADOTROPIN-releasing hormone talks to the pituitary PITUATARY GLAND- makes luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are important for normal puberty TSH stimulates the THYROID gland which regulates metabolism and talks to: TESTES,twin reproductive glands that produce the hormone TESTOSTERONE. OVARIES are the twin reproductive glands that produce ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

 body image – women VS men, a sociocultural perspective Tall, thin, beautiful but happy???? Short, heavy, average but unhappy????  BMI- body mass index  basal metabolic rate - The speed at which the body consumes calories *Hunger: A strong desire or need for food *Satiety: no longer wanting to eat, satisfaction  genetic predisposition - an inherited genetic pattern that makes one susceptible to a certain disease  obesity –increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat  anorexia nervosa – morphological disorder that involves starvation  bulimia – binge and purge, use of throwing up and laxatives  regular activity - exercise should keep heart rate at about 140 beats per minute  Anabolic steroids are most chemically similar to testosterone COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OR NOT IN ADOLESCENTS?  Poor decision making based on SOCIAL concerns  working memory and processing speed are more adult like than childlike  Metacognition skills -monitoring the effectiveness of a problem solving strategy  Content knowledge - increased expertise

Study using moral dilemmas which has no “validity” (XY) Heinz dilemma 3 levels, each containing two stages  Level 1. Preconventional Morality (external forces) Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation (don’t spank me) Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange (how hard will you spank me)  Level II. Conventional Morality (external forces) Stage 3. Good Interpersonal Relationships (like me, I’m good) Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order (be like me)  Level III. Postconventional Morality (internal sense of right/wrong) Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights (screw you) Stage 6: Universal Principles (It’s just right; GOD?)  Gilligan's ethic of caring –”helping people in need” instead of justice (XX)  Eisenberg’s levels of prosocial reasoning-deciding between self interest VS helping others 1.Hedonistic perspective 2.needs orientation 3.Approval –focused orientation 4. empathetic orientation