The Atmosphere http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=7ObnEpRccHM.

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The Atmosphere http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=7ObnEpRccHM

Consisted Primarily of This was a reducing environment Ancient Atmosphere Consisted Primarily of Methane Ammonia Water vapor Hydrogen This was a reducing environment – no oxygen

Changing Conditions – 3.5 bya Complex molecules form – amino acids, proteins Photosynthesis begins – oxygen is produced

Driving forces behind changes Ultraviolet radiation Lightning Radioactive decay

Atmosphere – A thin layer

Atmospheric Composition

Water Vapor Amount of water vapor is highly variable in space and time. Importance to climate – water vapor transfers heat from warmer to colder regions. Latent heat – heat released or absorbed when matter changes state.

Latent Heat

Layers of the Atmosphere Mount Everest Ionosphere Auroras Meteors Ozonosphere

Troposphere Lowest layer – 0 to 15 km Contains 80% of the mass of the atmosphere. Layer where weather occurs. Temperature decreases with height.

Layers of the Atmosphere

Stratosphere Occurs between 15 and 50 km above the surface. Contains 18% of the mass of the atmosphere. Temperature increases with height. Contains ozone (O3) that shields the surface from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Protection from solar radiation

The Greenhouse Effect

Effect of Carbon Dioxide

Mr. D’Aleo is a Certified Consultant Meteorologist and was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society

IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Cycles of Global Warming

Evaporation will increase as the climate warms, which will increase average global precipitation. Soil moisture is likely to decline in many regions, and intense rainstorms are likely to become more frequent. Sea level is likely to rise two feet along most of the U.S. coast.

Image based on data from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.

What drives atmospheric circulation?

Uneven Planet Warming

Arid and Semiarid Climates

Global Atmospheric Circulation

Coriolis Effect

Acid Rain

Acid Rain (4.3) Normal Rain (5.2)

SOx and NOx sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides NO NO2 HNO3 nitric acid SO2 H2SO4 sulfuric acid

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