Chapter 6 The Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with being the father of the periodic table

Mendeleev’s Table Mendeleev’s Periodic Table was arranged by the elements’ Atomic Mass.

Element 101 in the Periodic Table is named in his honor.

Modern Periodic Table Today’s Periodic Table is arranged by the elements’ Atomic Number. Elements with similar properties are placed in the same column on the periodic table.

Modern Periodic Table The columns are called groups The rows are called periods

Modern Periodic Table Practice: Find the period and group of the following elements: PeriodGroup Ca__________ Al__________ Zr__________ Xe__________ Ra__________ U__________

Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

Metals Three or fewer electrons in the outer energy level Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable (shapeable) Metals are hard solids with shiny surfaces

Nonmetals Five or more electrons in the outer energy level Poor conductors of heat and electricity Most are gases or brittle solids Dull surfaces

Metalloids These are elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals.

PP: Identify the following elements as metals, nonmetals, metalloids: a) Sulfur (S) b) Hydrogen (H) c) Chromium (Cr) d) Tellurium (Te)

Family Names Alkali metalsAlkali metals

Family Names Alkaline earth metalsAlkaline earth metals

Family Names Transition metalsTransition metals

Family Names Boron groupBoron group

Family Names Carbon groupCarbon group

Family Names Nitrogen groupNitrogen group

Family Names ChalcogenChalcogen

Family Names HalogensHalogens

Family Names Noble gasesNoble gases

Family Names LanthanoidsLanthanoids

Family Names ActinoidsActinoids

So What’s The Deal With The Shape? The distribution of electrons around an atom was used to create the shape of the Periodic Table.

6.3 Periodic Trends The radii or atoms increases from top to bottom and right to left.

PP: Which has the largest radius: –Magnesium (Mg) –Silicon (Si) –Sulfur (S) –Sodium (Na)

The factors that affect the size of an atom are: –Nuclear charge –Number of energy levels

The radius of positive ions (cation) is smaller than that of the parent atom. The radius of negative ions (anion) is larger than that of the parent atom. + AtomIon - Ionic Radii

PP: Identify the larger particle: a)NaNa + b)ClCl - c)OO 2- d)AlAl 3+ e)CaCa 2+

Ionization Energy Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

PP: Which has the largest ionization energy? –Magnesium (Mg) –Silicon (Si) –Sulfur (S) –Sodium (Na)

Factors Affecting Ionization Energy A strong nuclear charge will increase ionization energy. Strong shielding effect will decrease ionization energy. A full octet will increase ionization energy.

Ionization Energy of sodium, magnesium, and aluminum: Na Mg Al577 1,816 2,88111,600 Explain the discrepancy in ionization energy.

Electronegativity Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract the electrons from another atom.

PP: Which has the largest electronegativity: –Magnesium (Mg) –Silicon (Si) –Sulfur (S) –Sodium (Na)