Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market
Pet and Garden Market
Gray Parrots in Smuggler’s Crate
Tropical Fish for Aquarium Trade
Cactus Market
Saguaro Cactus
Consequences of Overexploitation 1.Population Effects - Reduction in population size - Age structure - Sex ratio - Genetic structure 2. Ecosystem Effects
Age Structure: A – fish in typical population B – fish taken by fishing
Sex Ratios – The Fisher
Fisher Distribution
Genetic Structure – Coho Salmon
Ecosystem Structure – Loss of Large Trees
Giant Redwood
Redwood Forest in the Air
Planting Sequoias
Ecosystem Structure – Loss of Snags
Loss of Keystone Species - Sea Otter with Sea Urchin
Loss of Keystone Species - Glyptodont
Exotic Species
Mrs. Black Horse, Cheyenne Nation, and dog travois
American Chestnut
Cracking From Chestnut Blight
Exotic Species Conservation biologists typically call introduced species “exotic species” - species which live outside their natural range Botanists typically refer to exotic plants as alien species Other terms you may see include biological invaders, introduced species, invasive species, non-indigenous species, non-native species (my preferred term)
How Do Exotic Species Get Dispersed? 1. Stowaways 2. Subsistence and Commerce 3.Recreation 4.Whimsy or aesthetics 5.Science 6.Biological Control
Norway Rat as ship rat
Earthworms and pre-exotic distribution
Cars transport seeds via mud stuck to car
Ballast Water Discharge
Commerce and Subsistence
Monterey Pine
Blue Gum Eucalyptus
Feral Pig - Florida
Bighead Carp
Carp Jumping
Recreation - Brown Trout
Ring-necked Pheasant
Chukar
Red Deer – New Zealand
Whimsy or Aesthetics – European Starling
House Sparrow
Exotic plants in New Zealand Native flora of 2065 species 24,774 documented introduced alien species About 2200 exotics have become established (naturalized)
Multiflora Rose
Tree of Heaven - Ailanthus Light blue – counties where Ailanthus is present
Scotch Broom
Walking Catfish
Cherry Headed Conures in San Francisco
Monk Parrots – Chicago, Harold Washington Park and Hyde Park
Science - Gypsy Moth
Africanized Honey Bees
Movement of Africanized Honey Bees
Biocontrol
Klamath Weed – aka – St. John’s Wort
Chrysolina beetle
Prickly Pear Hedge - Tunisia
Prickly pear in Australia – before control
Cactoblastis cactorum
Prickly pear – same location after control
Red Fox - Australia With native Bobuck possum
Red fox - Australia