Civil War: Medicine. Doctors Beginning of war: 30 surgeons, 83 assistants. End of war: 11,000 surgeons/assistant surgeons. Most civil war doctors got.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Roles of the Women in the Civil War My project is on the jobs and/or roles of the women in the Civil War, on the battlefield or at home. My research question.
Advertisements

MEDICINE ON THE BATTLEFIELD How did medicine affect the outcome of the American Civil War? Many of the illnesses and diseases that spread throughout the.
Objectives Analyze how the war changed the economy and society in the North and South. Discuss how northern and southern soldiers experienced the war.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Life During the Civil War.
MEDICINE. Surgery and wounded treatment How were surgeries performed? The patient is given chloroform or morphine to knock them out for the operation.
Bell Ringer 1. “I got my famous nickname during the Battle of Bull Run, when I stood like a stone wall, giving soldiers something to rally around.” 2.
Bell Work 1) Who made up the largest group of Civil War soldiers? 2) Which group of men were NOT allowed to fight at the beginning of the war? 3) What.
By: A war that lasted 4 yrs. (1861 – 1865) The war of the United States Federal Gov’t, and 11 southern States. They were: N. N. Carolina S. S. Carolina.
CIVIL WAR MEDICINE. General Medicine and Surgery No one called anyone “doctor,” it was always “surgeon.” No one called anyone “doctor,” it was always.
African Americans and Women in the Civil War. 10% of the Union army were African Americans 18% of Union sailors were African Americans They were organized.
Medical Treatments of the Revolutionary War
Technology and Medicine During the Civil War By Austin De La Ronde.
Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Life in Battle Life at Home. Vocabulary Camp Home Front Civilian.
Civil War Medicine Uses of Medicine, Medical Procedures, Medical Personnel, & the the Start of the American Red Cross.
Life During the War Chapter 2 Lesson 2.
1 Medical Procedures By: Kathryn Carlson. 2 ●620,000 soldiers died in the Civil War ●⅔ of the deaths were because of disease ●Dysentery, typhoid fever,
Anaesthetics and Antiseptics What, who, when? What was medicine like before these discoveries? What was medicine like after these discoveries?
SWBAT:  Read UpFront article about the Emancipation Proclamation and identify 5 things you LEARNED from the reading. Do Now:  Describe the impact of.
Civil War Medicine. At the beginning…….. At the beginning of the Civil War, the U.S. Army had a medical corps consisting of all of 98 surgeons and assistant.
Hardships of War Chapter 17 Section 4.
Advantages & Disadvantages The North had better access to supplies and transportation. They produced 90% of the country’s weapons, cloth, shoes, and iron.
Understand the impact of new military technologies. Understand the hardships faced by Union and Confederate soldiers.
Medical Practices in the Civil War. Statistics: Union: 2 &1/2 million soldiers fought with 360,00 soldiers killed. Confederate: 1 million + fought with.
GCSE SCHOOLS HISTORY Medicine Through Time INTERACTIVE Why was so much progress made in medicine between 1800 and 2000?
Civil War At Home (5 years) By Rachel Harding A4.
Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 3 Life During the War Chapter 11 Section 3 Life During the War.
Ch. 10 Section 3 Life At Home. 1) In some small towns, _____ the young men had been killed in a single battle 2) Life was ________________. There were.
Ch. 18 Flashcards. VOCABULARY (define) 1. Emancipation Proclamation.
Civil War Medicine. Sanitary Amputations 3 out of 4 surgeries resulted in amputations Doctors would clean their instruments by dipping their instruments.
Life During the Civil War. Wartime Economies South: –Extreme food shortages due to failed transportation system and Union occupation. –Many soldiers began.
Life During Wartime Chapter 11 Section 3. African Americans Fight for Freedom In 1862, Congress allowed African Americans to serve in the Union Army.
Life in the Battle. Clara Barton - a dedicated union nurse during the civil war - she founded the American Red Cross foundation after the war - she faced.
Life During The Civil War American 1 CP. A Glorious War… Soldiers in both the Union and Confederacy suffered: Heavy Casualties in battle Poor Living Conditions.
Soldiers suffer on both sides Lesson 19: The Civil War part 13.
Civil War Hospitals Civil War Hospitals could often be found in farm houses and barns close to battlefields. As the war progressed, or at places where.
 The Suffering and Sacrifice on the Battlefield and on the Homefront During the Civil War,
Life on the Home Front Women and the War
Life During the Civil War.  The South’s economy was more negatively affected by the war, but the North experienced problems also.  This ties back to.
Chapter 9 Section 3 Life During the War Appointment Clock.
Chapter 13, Lesson 2 ACOS #11: Identify causes of the Civil War, including states’ rights and the issue of slavery. 11a: Recognizing key northern and southern.
The "Third Army" Civil War most devastating war in U.S. history.
Life During Wartime Chapter 11 Section 3 Page 351.
The Human Face of War EQ: What was life like for soldiers and on the home front?
The Home Front. The Civil War touched the lives of every American family, North and South.
Civil War By Will Downs. The Civil War started in It started because slaves were an issue for the country. The Union didn’t have slaves and they.
The Civil War Doctor’s Kit
Medicine during the Civil War Chris Shrader Dr. Powell English 241 – Survey of American Literature 1 25 November 2014.
The depths of War SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
The American Civil War By: Mr. MacDonald April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865.
Chapter 9 Section 3. Wartime Economies Southern Economy –Collapse of the transportation system and the blockade of Southern Ports –Question the sacrifices.
 Emancipation Proclamation  allow AA to enlist in Union military  Nearly 180k free black men & fugitives slaves served in the Union army  1 st all-black.
Chapter 6 Lesson 2 “The Human Face Of War” pgs EQ: What were the conditions that soldiers faced during the Civil War?
The Fighting Begins Chapter 4 Lesson 1. Why is it sometimes difficult to choose sides in a disagreement?
Clara Barton Occupation: Nurse Occupation: Nurse Born: December 25, 1821 in North Oxford, Massachusetts Born: December 25, 1821 in North Oxford, Massachusetts.
The War Behind the Lines Chapter 11, Section3 American Anthem.
If a soldier was feeling sick, doctors would give them calomel. Calomel contained honey, chalk, and mercury, which is poisonous. If a soldier was feeling.
By: Nander Bloom & Joey Testa Smörgåsbord. Causes Contaminated food and water Highly populated camps Poor hygiene and living conditions Inexperienced.
And How They Have Revolutionized Modern- Day Medicine and the Procedures That Take Place.
In a pioneering series of operations in 1862, a surgeon from City Hospital in New York used dental and facial fixtures to fill in the missing bone until.
Civil War Medicine. Source of Injury Minnie Ball:  Head or abdominal wound was almost always fatal  Hit to the limb would usually shatter bone  Carried.
Daily life during the war
Beyond the Glory: Commonalities of Being a Soldier
Medical Technology During the Civil War
Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.
The Civil War- The Battlefield
Medical Care in the Civil War
African Americans in the Civil War
Life for Soldiers Soldiers were often low on food, supplies
Civil War Medicine.
Dangers of War New technology was more accurate
Presentation transcript:

Civil War: Medicine

Doctors Beginning of war: 30 surgeons, 83 assistants. End of war: 11,000 surgeons/assistant surgeons. Most civil war doctors got their diploma in 13 weeks. The most prestigious schools had 2 year doctor programs. The programs were a series of lectures that a “student” attended two times. If a surgeon was unavailable, anyone with a knife, saw, and tough stomach would perform surgery.

Level of Care: Field Dressing Station Set up behind the fighting lines.Set up behind the fighting lines. Wounded soldiers were evaluated, given morphine or liquor, and bandaged.Wounded soldiers were evaluated, given morphine or liquor, and bandaged. If they couldn’t return to battle, they were taken to a field hospital.If they couldn’t return to battle, they were taken to a field hospital.

Field Hospitals Located in barn or tent 1-2 miles from the battle. Wounded soldiers were triaged into 3 categories: mortally wounded (Soldiers wounded through the head, belly, or chest were left to one side because they would most likely die) slightly wounded surgical cases (amputations)

A surgeon recalled: "We operated in old blood-stained and often pus-stained coats, we used undisinfected instruments from undisinfected plush lined cases. If a sponge (if they had sponges) or instrument fell on the floor it was washed and squeezed in a basin of water and used as if it was clean."

Pavilion Hospital -Prior to the war, no real hospital systems exist in the US. - By the end of the war, hospitals in the North and South average an 8% mortality rate.

Medication Chloroform was used in most operations. –Liquid form in the north. –The South invented an inhaler to stretch their limited amounts. -Morphine was known, but only available in small doses. - Opium was the drug most commonly used to relieve pain. HOWEVER, the surgeons did not know that opium was addictive. - Alcohol was used as a substitute for any of the above medications if they were unavailable.

Amputations Total number for both sides is over 50,000. If performed within 24 hours, the victim had a 75% chance of survival. A good surgeon could amputate a limb in under 10 minutes. If the soldier was lucky, he would recover without one of the horrible so-called "Surgical Fevers.”

Complications There was no knowledge of disease causing bacteria, so antiseptics were not used during surgery. Due to a frequent shortage of water, surgeons often went days without washing their hands or instruments, thereby passing germs from one patient to another as he treated them.

Complications Continued: Doctors believed that “laudable pus” meant that the wound was healing correctly. We now know that visible pus means an infection. Infections set in after a surgical procedure, most commonly: Gangrene, the rotting away of flesh caused by the obstruction of blood flow. Pyemia- blood poisoning with a 90% mortality rate. Antiseptics were provided only after a fever was visible. At that point it was often too late.

Disease Disease was the biggest killer of the war. –Federals: three out of five died of disease –Confederates: two out of three died of disease Camps were unsanitary, and garbage, waste, and other refuse often polluted water sources and mixed with living conditions. Close living quarters caused disease to spread from man to man very quickly. Poor diet and exposure to the elements only added to the burden. A simple cold often developed into pneumonia.

Diseases NUMBER 1 KILLER: Typhoid fever (camp fever). Perhaps one- quarter of noncombat deaths resulted from this disease, caused by the consumption of food or water contaminated by salmonella bacteria. NUMBER 2 KILLER: Bowel disorders constituted the soldiers' most common complaint. The Union army reported that more than 995 out of every 1,000 men eventually contracted chronic diarrhea or dysentery during the war; the Confederates fared no better. NUMBER 3 KILLER: Colds turning into lung diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis. Malaria spread through camps located next to stagnant swamps teeming with mosquito. Although treatment with quinine reduced fatalities, malaria nevertheless struck approximately one quarter of all servicemen.

Advancements- Chest wounds At the onset of the war, a sucking chest wound (punctured lung) was almost certainly a death sentence. Dr. Howard found that if he closed the wound with metal sutures, followed by alternating layers of lint or linen bandages and a few drops of collodion (a syrupy solution that forms an adhesive film when it dries), he could create an airtight seal. Survival rates quadrupled, and Howard’s innovation soon became standard treatment.

Advancements The Plastic Surgery Revolution Carleton Burgan of Maryland was in terrible shape. The 20-year-old private had survived pneumonia, but the mercury pills he took as a treatment led to gangrene, which quickly spread from his mouth to his eye and led to the removal of his right cheekbone In a pioneering series of operations in 1862, a surgeon from City Hospital in New York used dental and facial fixtures to fill in the missing bone until Burgan’s face regained its shape. To some, it seemed pretty wacky, like sci-fi for the 19th century.

Advancements: Ambulances - At Bull Run, the Union had hired civilian carriage drivers to take the wounded back to DC. - Not surprisingly, they saw the battle and fled. - The wounded from Bull Run walked the 30 miles back to DC.

Ambulances - Jonathan Letterman, medical director of the Army of the Potomac, established caravans of 50 ambulances, each with a driver and two stretcher bearers, to ferry the injured to field hospitals. - On September 17, 1862, the Battle of Antietam left 2,108 Union soldiers dead and nearly 10,000 wounded. The Ambulance Corps moved all 10,000 wounded Union Soldiers from the battlefield to field hospitals in twenty-four hours. For this success Letterman earned the title of “Father of Battlefield Medicine.”

Battlefield Angels!!! CLARA BARTON “I went in while the battle raged," she recalled with pride. After the war, she was instrumental in the creation of an American branch of the International Red Cross. DORTHEA DIX A week after the attack on Fort Sumter, Dix, at age 59, volunteered her services to the Union and received the appointment in June 1861, placing her in charge of all women nurses working in army hospitals. 3,200 women served as nurses Lived in tents or hospital wagons Risked their reputation- targets of gossip Paid $12 month

End Results… Nearly 3 million men fought in the Civil War. Approximately 618,000 lost their lives, and nearly 400,000 of these to disease. The death toll was nearly 2% of the entire US population. Of the men lucky enough to be in the 79% who survived the war, nearly half a million returned home permanently maimed or disabled. * One million horses also died in the war.