1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Geography

Vocabulary Vocabulary 1. Globe 2. Scale 3. Distortion 4. Projection 5. Compass rose 6. Cardinal direction 7. Key

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Journal Journal List the kinds of maps that you are familiar with. List the kinds of maps that you are familiar with. How do you find Walmart from school? How do you find Walmart from school?

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Globes and Maps Globes and Maps Globe—a round ball like the Earth. Mapmakers could show the continents and oceans of the Earth as they really are. Globe—a round ball like the Earth. Mapmakers could show the continents and oceans of the Earth as they really are. What is the problem with the globe? Can you put it in your pocket and take it with you on your way to Walmart? What is the problem with the globe? Can you put it in your pocket and take it with you on your way to Walmart? A globe cannot be complete enough to be convenient. A globe cannot be complete enough to be convenient.

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Geographers invented flat maps Geographers invented flat maps The problem? The Earth is round, but the map is flat. The problem? The Earth is round, but the map is flat. You cannot show a round earth on a flat map without distortion, a change in accuracy of shapes and distances. You cannot show a round earth on a flat map without distortion, a change in accuracy of shapes and distances. Something is going to look smaller or larger than it is. Something is going to look smaller or larger than it is.

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Getting it all on the Map Getting it all on the Map Mercator Projection—a method of putting a map of the Earth on a flat piece of paper. Mercator Projection—a method of putting a map of the Earth on a flat piece of paper. This map is used by sailors This map is used by sailors On the Mercator Projection Greenland looks bigger than South America. Greenland is actually only one-eighth as large as South America. On the Mercator Projection Greenland looks bigger than South America. Greenland is actually only one-eighth as large as South America. Is known as a conformal map. Shows correct shpaes but not true distances or sizes. Is known as a conformal map. Shows correct shpaes but not true distances or sizes.

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Interrupted Projection—like a ripped orange peel. Interrupted Projection—like a ripped orange peel. By creating gaps in the picture of the world, mapmakers showed the size and shape of land accurately. By creating gaps in the picture of the world, mapmakers showed the size and shape of land accurately. The gaps make it impossible to figure distances correctly. The gaps make it impossible to figure distances correctly.

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Robinson’s Projection—shows the size and shape of most of the land quite accurately. Robinson’s Projection—shows the size and shape of most of the land quite accurately. Sizes of the oceans and distances are also fairly accurate Sizes of the oceans and distances are also fairly accurate Robinson’s distortions are around the edge of the map. Robinson’s distortions are around the edge of the map.

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Parts of a map Parts of a map Compass rose—model of a compass Compass rose—model of a compass Cardinal directions—north, south, east and west. Cardinal directions—north, south, east and west. Key—(legend) may include symbols for features such as national and state parks, various types of roads, sizes of towns and cities, or important land marks. Key—(legend) may include symbols for features such as national and state parks, various types of roads, sizes of towns and cities, or important land marks. Title—tells the subject of the map Title—tells the subject of the map

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Grid—parallels and meridians or letters (large country maps) and numbers (smaller road, city, county, state maps). Grid—parallels and meridians or letters (large country maps) and numbers (smaller road, city, county, state maps). Make sure that you have defined the vocabulary. Make sure that you have defined the vocabulary. Make sure that you have completed the journal. Make sure that you have completed the journal. Make sure that you have completed the Questions to explore. Make sure that you have completed the Questions to explore.

1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Complete 1.2 section review on p. 19. Complete 1.2 section review on p. 19. Complete The Geographer’s Tools worksheet for homework. Complete The Geographer’s Tools worksheet for homework.