Maintenance & Preventative Maintenance Florida Safety Seminar 2008

TARP HEAD HEAD Balloons,Inc PO Box 28 Helen, GA HEADBALLOONS

What is MAINTENANCE & PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE? FAR General definitions. Maintenance means inspection, overhaul, repair, preservation, and the replacement of parts, but excludes preventive maintenance. Preventive maintenance means simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operations.

FAR General definitions Major repair means a repair: (1) That, if improperly done, might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness; or (2) That is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary operations. Minor repair means a repair other than a major repair.

Major or Minor Repair? Maintenance or Preventive Maintenance?

What FAR’s pertains to MAINTENANCE AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE? Part 91 - Subpart E - Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations (Regulatory Requirement) Part 43 – MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, REBUILDING, AND ALTERATION (Regulations governing how the work is done)

Part 43 – MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, REBUILDING, AND ALTERATION Sec Applicability. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this part prescribes rules governing the maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding and alteration of any: (1) Aircraft having a U.S. airworthiness certificate; (3) Airframe, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and component parts of such aircraft. (b) This part does not apply to any aircraft for which an experimental airworthiness certificate has been issued, unless a different kind of airworthiness certificate had previously been issued for that aircraft.

Who can work on aircraft? FAR Part 43.3 FAA CERTIFIED PEOPLE NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE MANUFACTURER

FAA CERTIFIED PEOPLE A & P Mechanics (Airframe & Powerplant) FAA Repairmen

Part Persons authorized to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterations (b) The holder of a mechanic certificate may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations … (c) The holder of a repairman certificate may perform maintenance and preventive maintenance… (e) The holder of a repair station certificate may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations…

MECHANICS (A & P) A person who has had on-the-Job training, passed a written exam, an oral exam and practical examinations by the FAA Can work for himself Their training does not include specific balloon training

FAA REPAIRMAN must work for a Certified Repair Station may perform any operation that is allowed by the repairman's ratings and the ratings of the Certified Repair Station may only be used while working for the Certified Repair Station

NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE Persons working under the supervision of any FAA certificated person (A & P or Repairman) Private Pilot Commercial Pilot

Part Persons authorized to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterations (d) A person working under the supervision of a holder of a mechanic or repairman certificate may perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations that his supervisor is authorized to perform, if the supervisor personally observes the work being done to the extent necessary to ensure that it is being done properly and if the supervisor is readily available, in person, for consultation.

Part Persons authorized to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterations (g) The holder of a pilot certificate issued under Part 61 may perform preventive maintenance on any aircraft owned or operated by that pilot …

NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE - Persons working under the supervision of any FAA certificated person (A & P or Repairman) May perform any operation for which the supervising person is rated (except inspections). A&P or Repairman must supervise work.

NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE – Private or Commercial Pilot Pilots may do non-critical work on their balloon Specific operations allowed are listed in FAR 43 - Appendix A. ONLY the operations listed may be performed by the pilot.

MANUFACTURER

Part Persons authorized to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterations (j) A manufacturer may-- (1) Rebuild or alter any aircraft manufactured by him under a type or production certificate; (3) Perform any inspection required by Part 91 on aircraft it manufacturers

BASIS FOR EVALUATING REPAIR PERSONS & REPAIR STATIONS Evaluate your possible choices for repairs on the basis of their: Knowledge Experience Brand orientation Personal observations Other pilots recommendations

EVALUATION – cont’d FAA certification indicates the facility has met a minimum set of qualifications There are no tests to pass and no real demonstration of capability is required "certified" does NOT guarantee competence

How do you get the knowledge to make an evaluation? Attend seminars Get the Repair Manual for your make of balloon. The manual will NOT teach you how to repair. You are trying to learn what SHOULD be done, to be certain your repairs are done properly Talk to the manufacturer of your balloon Talk to other balloonists – get their recommendations Look at repairs on other balloons Learn to recognize a good repair - find out where it was done Talk to your repair station people Take an active interest when your balloon is worked on

Repairing It Yourself Check FAR 43 Appx. A - Is it legal for you to do the operation? Evaluate yourself – are YOU qualified to do the repair? Are you equipped to do it ?

MAINTENANCE RECORDS FAA requires you to keep formal WRITTEN records of all aircraft maintenance. Normally this is done by keeping an aircraft logbook.

LOGBOOK All entries should be clear, legible and traceable. IDENTIFICATION FACTORY ENTRY OPERATING TIME ENTRIES MAINTAINENANCE ENTRIES

LOGBOOK - IDENTIFICATION Put your name and address in the logbook. With time, the logbook becomes an important document. If lost, you will be faced with the task of trying to reconstruct the maintenance and certification history of your aircraft. Make it easier for the finder to return the logbook. Many pilots include an offer of a reward in the front of the logbook. A reward is certainly not unreasonable when you consider the time and effort needed to reproduce all of the entries.

LOGBOOK – FACTORY ENTRIES The first page will always carry an entry of the original factory flight test and of the issuance of the Airworthiness Certificate for your balloon. Do not obscure this entry with any entries of your own. Keep it clear and legible.

LOGBOOK - OPERATING TIME ENTRIES The FAA requires that a record of operating time on an aircraft be maintained. It is reasonable to say that operating time is from the start of the inflation until deflation Operating time MUST include tether time. The FAA makes no differentiation between tethered or free flight, it is all a Part 91 operation Confine information to pertinent data: date, operating time, and any significant incidents. Social activities are extraneous information and should not be included. The aircraft logbook entry is to keep a record of the operating time. Keep personal records in your PILOT LOGBOOK.

LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES ALL maintenance, repairs or alterations must be recorded to complete the operating history of the aircraft Insist on an entry for a repair that is a reasonably complete description of the work that was done. If the work is a Major Repair a 337 Form is required to be filed – in lieu of a 337 a Certified Repair Station may use their Work Order

LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES FAR Part Content, form, and disposition of maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration records (a) Maintenance record entries. each person who maintains, performs preventive maintenance, rebuilds, an aircraft, shall make an entry in the maintenance record of that equipment containing the following information: (1) A description of work performed (2) The date of completion of the work

LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES (3) The name of the person performing the work if other than the person specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section. (4) If the work performed on the aircraft, has been performed satisfactorily, the signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate held by the person approving the work. The signature constitutes the approval for return to service only for the work performed. In addition to the entry required by this paragraph, major repairs and major alterations shall be entered on a form, and the form disposed of, in the manner prescribed in appendix B, by the person performing the work.

LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES FAR Part Content, form, and disposition of records for inspections conducted under Part 91 (a) Maintenance record entries. The person approving or disapproving for return to service an aircraft after any inspection performed in accordance with Part 91, shall make an entry in the maintenance record of that equipment containing the following information:

LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES (1) The type of inspection and a brief description of the extent of the inspection (2) The date of the inspection and aircraft total time in service. (3) The signature, the certificate number, and kind of certificate held by the person approving or disapproving for return to service the aircraft.

LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES - AD’s FAR says that a record or current status or all applicable AD's must be maintained BY THE OWNER/OPERATOR.

LOGBOOK – PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ENTRIES FAR Part 43, which sets forth maintenance requirements, states that Preventive Maintenance work done by a pilot must be recorded and "signed off" by the pilot. Appendix A of Part 43 lists specific operations which may be performed under this regulation.

FAR Part 43 APPX A (c) Preventive maintenance. Preventive maintenance is limited to the following work, provided it does not involve complex assembly operations:

FAR Part 43 APPX A (5) Replacing defective safety wiring or cotter keys. (6) Lubrication not requiring disassembly other than removal of nonstructural items (7) Making simple fabric patches not requiring … the removal of structural parts …. In the case of balloons, the making of small fabric repairs to envelopes (as defined in, and in accordance with, the balloon manufacturers' instructions) not requiring load tape repair or replacement. (9) Refinishing decorative coating of fuselage, balloon baskets, …, when removal or disassembly of any primary structure or operating system is not required.

FAR Part 43 APPX A (10) Applying preservative or protective material to components where no disassembly of any primary structure or operating system is involved and where such coating is not prohibited or is not contrary to good practices. (11) Repairing upholstery and decorative furnishings … of balloon basket interior when the repairing does not require disassembly of any primary structure or operating system or interfere with an operating system or affect the primary structure of the aircraft. (15) Replacing seats or seat parts with replacement parts approved for the aircraft, not involving disassembly of any primary structure or operating system.

FAR Part 43 APPX A (21) Replacing any hose connection except hydraulic connections. (22) Replacing prefabricated fuel lines. (24) Replacing and servicing batteries. (25) Cleaning of balloon burner pilot and main nozzles in accordance with the balloon manufacturer's instructions. (26) Replacement or adjustment of nonstructural standard fasteners incidental to operations. (27) The interchange of balloon baskets and burners on envelopes when the basket or burner is designated as interchangeable in the balloon type certificate data and the baskets and burners are specifically designed for quick removal and installation

LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES Incomplete or missing entries may be particularly vexing at Annual Inspection time. Significant repairs but no mention in the logbook raises suspicions. Why was the work not logged? Who did the work? Were they competent? If they did not know enough to make a logbook entry, did they know how to make the repair correctly? An inspector will probably be hesitant to "sign off" unknown work and may insist on redoing it.

LOGBOOK - DUPLICATION In the event your logbook is ever lost or destroyed, one way to eliminate the need to reconstruct the information in the logbook is to periodically photocopy it. In addition to avoiding the loss of the data in the logbook, if you sell the balloon you can retain a copy of the logbook for your records should a question ever arise.

LOGBOOK - ACCESS Some documents must be carried in the balloon during flight, but NOT the logbook. Carrying it in the balloon is discouraged. In addition to the increased hazard of losing the logbook, it may be destroyed if the balloon is in an accident. It is only necessary to make the logbook available to authorized persons on reasonable advance notice.

FAR Part Performance rules (a) Each person performing maintenance, alteration, or preventive maintenance on an aircraft shall use the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed in the current manufacturer's maintenance manual or Instructions for Continued Airworthiness prepared by its manufacturer, or other methods, techniques, and practices acceptable to the Administrator

FAR Part Performance rules (b) Each person maintaining or altering, or performing preventive maintenance, shall do that work in such a manner and use materials of such a quality, that the condition of the aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance worked on will be at least equal to its original or properly altered condition (with regard to aerodynamic function, structural strength, resistance to vibration and deterioration, and other qualities affecting airworthiness).

Approved Parts – FAR Part 21 CFR Part 21 - Certification procedures for products and parts Subpart K - Approval of Materials, Parts, Processes, and Appliances Applicability This subpart prescribes procedural requirements for the approval of materials, parts, processes, and appliances.

Approved Parts Replacement and modification parts (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, no person may produce a … replacement part for sale for installation on a type certificated product unless it is produced pursuant to a Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA) issued under this subpart. (b) This section does not apply to the following: (1) Parts produced under a type or production certificate. (3) Parts produced under an FAA Technical Standard Order.

Approved Parts Approval of materials, parts, processes, and appliances. Whenever a material, part, process, or appliance is required to be approved under this chapter, it may be approved -- (a) Under a Parts Manufacturer Approval (b) Under a Technical Standard Order issued by the Administrator. (c) In conjunction with type certification procedures (d) In any other manner approved by the Administrator.

Unapproved Parts A part, component, or material that has not been manufactured in accordance with the approval procedures in FAR § , or has not been repaired in accordance with FAR Part 43; A part, component, or material that may not conform to an approved type design. Such unapproved parts may not be installed on a type certificated product, unless a determination of airworthiness can be made.

Who can do what? MAINTENANCE – Mechanic, Repairman, Person working under supervision ALTERATIONS – Mechanic, Repair Station, Manufacturer PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE – Mechanic, Repairman, Repair Station, Private or Commercial Pilot REBUILDING – Manufacturer INSPECT – Manufacturer, Repair Station, Mechanic (with Inspection Authorization designation)

SOFT LANDINGS