Proposed strategy for the FAIR science program Boris Sharkov Scientific managing director FAIR NuPECC Sweden FranceIndia Finland GermanyPoland Spain Romania Russia Slovenia UK

UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300 p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR Cryring Rare-Isotope Production Target Anti-Proton Production Target 100 m Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research 2 – new international research laboratory under construction to explore the nature and evolution of matter in the Universe

Beam Intensities: intensities of primary beams: x 100 – x 1000 intensities of secondary beams: x Beam Energies: energies: x 30 Unprecedented Variety of Ions: antiprotons protons to Uranium, radioactive beams Beam Quality: cooled antiprotons intense cooled RIBs Pulse Structure: extremely short pulses (70 ns) to slow extraction (quasi CW) Parallel Operation: (Finally) operation of up to four experiments simultaneously Acc Performance for FAIR Experiments

UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300 p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR Cryring Rare-Isotope Production Target Anti-Proton Production Target 100 m Accelerator Facility Primary Beams /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U /s 238 U 73+ up to 35 GeV/u 3x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons Secondary Beams Storage and Cooler Rings radioactive beams antiprotons GeV/c, stored and cooled Technical Challenges cooled beams, rapid cycling superconducting magnets range of radioactive beams up to GeV/u; up to factor higher in intensity than presently antiprotons GeV 4

Physics at FAIR 5 Dense Bulk Plasmas (Ion-beam bunch compression & petawatt-laser) Dense Bulk Plasmas (Ion-beam bunch compression & petawatt-laser) Materials Science & Radiation Biology (Ion & antiproton beams) Materials Science & Radiation Biology (Ion & antiproton beams) Accelerator Physics UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR Cryring Rare-Isotope Production Target Anti-Proton Production Target 100 m QCD-Phase Diagram (HI beams 2 to 45 GeV/u) QCD-Phase Diagram (HI beams 2 to 45 GeV/u) Hadron Physics (Stored and cooled 14 GeV/c anti-protons) Hadron Physics (Stored and cooled 14 GeV/c anti-protons) Nuclear Structure & Astrophysics (Rare-isotope beams) Nuclear Structure & Astrophysics (Rare-isotope beams) Fundamental Symmetries & Ultra-High EM Fields (Antiprotons & highly stripped ions) Fundamental Symmetries & Ultra-High EM Fields (Antiprotons & highly stripped ions)

Originally planned FAIR facility Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke6 Downscaling with the MSV: Blue: Existing Red: MSV Yellow:Postponed, but still feasible

Costs of the MSV Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke7 Total costs (M€)2005 pricesEscalated prices* Experiments Accelerators Acc. coordination personnel Personnel FAIR GmbH Running costs Civil Construction original estimate 78,0 385,0 110,9 38,0 15,4 495,0 83,6 412,5 113,1 43,1 19,8 676,3 Subtotal1.122,31.348,4 less site costs1.027,31.220,9 Civil Construction cost increase227,9 320,1 LEB buildingLEB building6,59,6 Total incl. site costs1.356,81.678,1 *) Escalated from 2005 to 2022 following FAIR escalation mechanisms

Steering company International Convention International Partners FAIR GmbH SwedenFranceIndiaFinlandGermanyPolandUKRomaniaRussiaSlovenia Wiesbaden,

9 9 FAIR Members‘ Contributions ( 2005 Kosten) FAIR CountriesTotal declared Contribution (k€) China Finland France Germany Great Britain India Poland Romania Russia Slovenia Spain Sweden Total Not shareholders

FAIR Modularised Start Version APPA CBM NUSTAR PANDA Experiments M0: SIS100 M1: CBM,APPA M2: NUSTAR M3: PANDA, APPA, NUSTAR M0 M1 M2 M3 Science with the MSV Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke10

Observations and Recommendations by SC 1.The Scientific Councils (SCs) reconfirm their earlier assessment that all four FAIR pillars - despite the delay of the project - carry compelling scientific cases with unique discovery potential. 2.Therefore, the SCs consider the FAIR MSV to offer the best science to cost ratio for the FAIR project. 3.The SCs carefully took into account the recommendations by the International Review Committee chaired by Rolf Heuer. The SCs consider the ordering of the experiments as the result of a resource- loaded rather than a purely scientific evaluation.

Observations and Recommendations II 4.In case it is needed to consider scenarios with a - so far unknown - cost cap, the SCs consider the 22 scenario as a viable option, provided that a strategy is developed to realize an antiproton program by The 22 proposal requires an immediate start of the project. Nevertheless, on a six months time-scale, corresponding resource loaded plans should be presented for the 22 scenario with a staged antiproton program. 6.The SCs urge the management to investigate all potentials for cost savings. These discussions should involve representatives from civil construction, accelerators and experiments.

Observations and Recommendations III 7.The SCs congratulate the FAIR collaborations for the continuous progress achieved towards the realization of the experiments. 8.The SCs consider the planned intermediate research program of high importance and quality which also keeps the scientific communities alive. 9.The SCs welcome the steps taken by the Management towards setting up an adequate project organization.

Council Decision XVI.4.1 The Council takes note of the scenarios and recognises that a funding gap of 350 M€ exists (in 2022 prices) for the realisation of the MSV. Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke14 With the aim not to lose more time the Council asks the management to start immediately with the planning of the construction of the facility in a staged approach. The Council will try to find measures to close the funding gap for the realisation of the MSV. A decision on the funding baseline and the respective scope will be taken at the extraordinary meeting on the 29th September 2015.

High Level Schedule of the MSV Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke15 8

Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke16 Decision XVII.6.1 (1)The Council confirms the stepwise approach to the realization of the FAIR project outlined in the Convention, Article 5 (6), starting with the Modularized Start Version (MSV), according to Article 5 (2) of the Convention. (2) The Council states that the target completion date for the Modularized Start Version should be not later than (3) The Council asks the FAIR Management to provide for approval by the Council a suitable document summarizing the reasons for the delay in realization of FAIR and the respective cost increases as well as a reasoned proposal of the MSV construction time scale and financing schedule, in a manner which is communicable to decision makers in all partner countries. (4) Taking into account the prolonged time schedule for the realization of the FAIR Modularized Start Version and the concomitant cost increases, a staged approach is agreed upon for speeding up the start of experiments. (5) The Council asks the Management to prepare for a detailed review of the progress and financial status of the FAIR project not later than 2019.

Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke17 (6) The Council defines the value of 1,262 M€ (2005 prices) as cost cap for the FAIR Modularized Start Version, not including the exceptional additional site- related costs of 95 M€ (2005 prices), already borne by Germany. (7) In order to enable the Management to expedite contracting of design works, civil construction, and accelerator and detector component construction for all four FAIR experimental areas in the framework of the MSV, the Council asks the Shareholders and the Associated Partner to assure the necessary additional funding as soon as possible (cf. Table 1). Commitments to cover additional 158 M€ (2005 prices) have to be made at the latest by the end of the first half of 2016; commitments to cover another 90 M€ (2005 prices) will have to be made by This additional funding will be required from 2019 onwards for the completion of the MSV, and is to be provided in principle as cash contribution. (8) The Council asks the Management to continuously look for any cost saving measures. (9) The Council asks the Management to continue its effort to attract additional Shareholders to the project who will be able to bring in additional intellectual and financial resources for the project.

GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH CBM nuclear matter at high densities NUSTAR neutron-rich nuclei APPA ions in extreme electro- magnetic fields PANDA hyperon-hyperon interaction 18 MSV FAIR

Boris Sharkov, Karlheinz Langanke19 (10) The Council takes note that with this approach, a re-definition of the already planned in-kind contributions will not be necessary. (11) The Council understands the necessity that all parties involved do their utmost to continue to provide all experimental groups of the MSV experiments with adequate funding for R&D and detector construction to avoid negative consequences for the experiments due to the delays and the construction staging.