WORLD GEOGRAPHY UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1-? VOCABULARY THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF PLANET EARTH

LIFE ON EARTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS DEPEND ON ONE ANOTHER IN AN _____. ECOSYSTEM POLLUTION: UNCLEAN ELEMENT IN THE AIR, WATER, OR SOIL *CO(2) IS RELATED TO THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT BY ____ THE HEAT IN THE ATMOSPHERE.TRAPPING WAYS THAT THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS MIGHT AFFECT A REGION'S VEGETATION ARE: _____, _____, AND _____. GASSES CAN KILL THE VEGETATION, ACID RAIN, AND GLOBAL WARMING

MAPS & GLOBES *ANOTHER NAME FOR MAP-MAKING IS _____. CARTOGRAPHY *GEOGRAPHERS USE _____ AND _____ TO DETERMINE THE LOCATIONS OF PLACES. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE *GEOGRAPHERS USE A _____ FORMED BY LINES OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE TO DETERMINE _____. GRID SYSTEM; ABSOLUTE LOCATION *THE DIFFERENCES IN SUNLIGHT AT THE TROPIC OF CANCER, AND THE TROPIC OF CAPRICORN, AND THE POLES ARE: _____, _____, AND _____. THE TROPIC OF CANCER RECEIVES SUNLIGHT IN JUNE, THE TROPIC OF CAPRICORN RECEIVES SUNLIGHT IN DECEMBER, AND THE POLES NEVER RECEIVE DIRECT SUNLIGHT *THE EFFECT OF THE EARTH'S TILT, ROTATION, AND REVOLUTION ARE THAT THEY ALL CAUSE CHANGES IN: _____, _____, _____, AND _____. THE WAY THE SUN'S RAYS STRIKE THE EARTH, LEADING THE DAY-NIGHT, SEASONS, AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS *TWO TYPES OF PLANETS ARE: _____ AND _____. TERRESTRIAL AND GAS GIANT PLANETS.

CARTOGRAPHY IS NOT THE MAKING OF “CARTS OR CARS”, BUT RATHER IT’S THE MAKING OF MAPS

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY & LANDFORMS _____ FOCUSES ON THE STUDY OF THE EARTH'S PHYSICAL FEATURES. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY FOUR PARTS OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE ARE _____, _____, _____, AND _____. HYDROSPHERE, LITHOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE, AND BIOSPHERE PERMAFROST: PERMANENTLY FROZEN LAYER OF SOIL BENEATH THE SURFACE OF THE GROUND THE FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF LAND-FORMS FOUND ON THE EARTH ARE: _____, _____, _____, AND _____. MOUNTAINS, HILLS, PLATEAUS, AND PLAINS

BARE PATCHES OF PERMAFROST, SURROUNDED BY WITHERED GRASS

EARTH SCIENCE UNDERWATER TRENCHES ARE CREATED THROUGH THE PROCESS OF _____. ACCRETION THE THEORY THAT CONTINENTS ARE SLOWLY MOVING IS CALLED _____. CONTINENTAL DRIFT _____ IS MOLTEN ROCK WITHIN THE EARTH. MAGMA A _____ IS A BEND IN LAYERS OF ROCK. FOLD A _____ IS A BREAK IN THE EARTH'S CRUST. FAULT THE ACTIVITY OF THE EARTH'S MOVING PLATES IS CALLED _____. PLATE TECTONICS _____ WEARS AWAY THE EARTH'S SURFACE. EROSION THE EARTH'S LAYERS ARE MADE UP OF THE: _____. _____, _____, _____. INNER CORE, OUTER CORE, MANTLE, AND CRUST _____ PRODUCED SOME OF EARTH'S LARGEST LAND FORMS. MOVEMENT OF PLATES

THE EARTH’S CRUST FORMS PLATES THAT SLIDE AROUND ON THE MANTLE LIKE A SKIN ON DRIED PUDDING OR QUESO

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY A _____ HAS BOUNDARIES DETERMINED BY A COMMON CHARACTERISTIC. FORMAL REGION _____ IS EXPRESSED IN RELATION TO OTHER PLACES. RELATIVE LOCATION THE THREE TYPES OF REGIONS IDENTIFIED BY GEOGRAPHERS ARE: _____, _____, AND _____. FORMAL REGION, FUNCTIONAL REGION, AND PERCEPTUAL REGION TWO WAYS THAT EVERY PLACE ON THE EARTH CAN BE LOCATED ARE: _____ AND _____. ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE LOCATION

THERE ARE …

WEATHER & CLIMATE WATER VAPOR CHANGES INTO LIQUID THROUGH _____. CONDENSATION MOISTURE THAT FALLS FROM THE CLOUDS IS _____. PRECIPITATION LIQUID WATER CHANGES INTO WATER VAPOR THROUGH THE PROCESS CALLED _____. EVAPORATION TEMPERATURE: THE MEASURE OF HOW HOT OR COLD A PLACE IS PREVAILING WIND: WIND IN A REGION THAT BLOWS IN A FAIRLY CONSTANT DIRECTIONAL PATTERN DOLDRUMS: A FREQUENTLY WINDLESS AREA NEAR THE EQUATOR RAIN SHADOW: DRY AREA FOUND ON THE LEEWARD SIDE OF A MOUNTAIN RANGE

GETTING CAUGHT IN THE ATLANTIC DOLDRUMS CAN CAUSE A SAIL SHIP TO DRIFT FOR DAYS–EVEN WEEKS

… MORE WEATHER & CLIMATE THE MAJOR CLIMATE REGIONS INTO WHICH GEOGRAPHERS DIVIDE THE EARTH ARE: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, AND _____. TROPICAL CLIMATES, DRY CLIMATES, MID- LATITUDE CLIMATES, HIGH LATITUDE CLIMATES, AND HIGHLANDS CLIMATES CHAPARRAL:TYPE OF VEGETATION MADE UP OF DENSE FORESTS OF SHRUBS AND SHORT TREES, COMMON IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATES THE PROCESS THAT KEEPS THE AMOUNT OF EARTH'S WATER CONSTANT IS THE _____. WATER CYCLE THE FORMS THAT WATER TAKES THROUGHOUT THE WATER CYCLE ARE: _____, _____, _____, _____, AND _____.LIQUID, VAPOR, CLOUDS, PRECIPITATION, AND SURFACE RUNOFF THREE KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CLIMATE ARE: _____, _____ AND _____, _____, AND _____. LATITUDE, AIR AND OCEAN CURRENTS, AND LAND FORMS THE CHANGES IN AIR PRESSURE THAT OCCUR DURING THE EL NIÑO YEAR ARE: _____ AND _____. TRADE WINDS AND WESTERLIES

WESTERLIES ARE THE OPPOSITE OF DOLDRUMS & CAN PROPEL A SAILING SHIP OR AIRCRAFT 100S OF MILES

TOOLS OF THE GEOGRAPHER COMPUTER TOOLS THAT PROCESS DATA AND SATELLITE IMAGES WITH OTHER PIECES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ARE CALLED _____. GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) THE RESEARCH METHODS THAT GEOGRAPHER USE ARE: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____. DIRECT OBSERVATION, MAPPING, INTERVIEWING, STATISTICS, AND THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY OTHER SUBJECTS THAT GEOGRAPHERS STUDY ARE: _____ AND _____, _____, AND _____. HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT, CULTURE, AND ECONOMICS GEOGRAPHERS STUDY _____ AND _____ TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE EARTH AFFECTS AND IS AFFECTED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY SO THAT INFORMED DECISIONS CAN BE MADE. HUMAN SYSTEMS AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS

G.I.S. (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATIONAL SYSTEMS)– PRETTY COMPLICATED STUFF; THIS IS A COMPUTER-GENERATED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SPATIAL ANALYSIS

POPULATION FACTORS THE GROWTH RATE OF A POPULATION IS IT’S _____. NATURAL INCREASE _____ IS THE PATTERN OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE ARE MOVING TO CITIES BECAUSE THEY WANT BETTER _____. OPPORTUNITIES

MAKE A NOTE OF THIS POPULATION FACTOR ALSO: PUSH-PULL HUMAN MIGRATION

ECONOMICS (THE $ OF EARTH) MARKET ECONOMY: PRODUCTION DETERMINED BY INDIVIDUALS AND PRIVATE GROUPS MIXED ECONOMY: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH A GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS AND REGULATES FREE ENTERPRISE FREE TRADE: GOODS FLOWING EASILY BETWEEN COUNTRIES WITHOUT TRADE BARRIERS A _____ WORKS TOWARD GREATER MANUFACTURING AND TECHNOLOGY USE. DEVELOPING COUNTRY THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RENEWABLE AND A NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE IS: A RENEWABLE RESOURCE CAN BE REPLACED AND A NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE CANNOT BE REPLACED POPULATION GROWTH AFFECTS THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY BY INCREASING THE DEMAND FOR _____ AND LAND.RESOURCES

SOME ECONOMIES DON’T MIX – THE ONE ON THE LEFT IS COMMUNIST RUSSIA & ON THE RIGHT IS DEMOCRATIC USA

GOVERNMENTS ON EARTH EXAMPLES OF AN AUTOCRATIC GOVERNMENT ARE: ABSOLUTE MONARCHY AND TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP UNITARY SYSTEM: GOVERNMENT WITH ALL KEY POWERS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL FEDERAL SYSTEM:GOVERNMENT WITH POWER DIVIDED BETWEEN NATIONAL AND STATE LEVELS AN _____ IS A GOVERNMENT IN WHICH A SMALL GROUP HOLD POWER. OLIGARCHY

ADOLPH HITLER RULED USING A FASCIST SYSTEM IN WHICH HE LED HIS COUNTRY BY A “DICTATORSHIP”

CULTURAL ASPECTS ETHNIC GROUP: PEOPLE WHO SHARE COMMON LANGUAGE, HISTORY, AND PLACE OF ORIGIN CULTURE REGION: AREA THAT INCLUDES DIFFERENT COUNTRIES WITH CERTAIN TRAITS IN COMMON CULTURE HEARTH: EARLY CENTER OF CIVILIZATION TWO ELEMENTS OF CULTURE ARE: _____ AND _____. LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL GROUPS ____ SPREADS KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FROM ONE CULTURE TO ANOTHER. CULTURAL DIFFUSION THE ELEMENTS OF A CULTURE ARE: _____, _____, _____, _____, AND _____. LANGUAGE, RELIGION, GOVERNMENT, SOCIAL GROUPS, AND ECONOMY

AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION IN DOWNTOWN BEJING, CHINA

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY _____ IS THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN ASPECTS OF GEOGRAPHY. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY MIGRATION: MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE FROM PLACE TO PLACE INFLUENCES THAT MAY CHANGE AND CULTURE ARE: _____, _______, _____, _____, AND _____. MIGRATION, LIFESTYLES, INVENTIONS, TRADE, AND WAR GEOGRAPHERS STUDY _____ AND _____ TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE EARTH AFFECTS AND IS AFFECTED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY SO THAT INFORMED DECISIONS CAN BE MADE. HUMAN SYSTEMS AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS

ANIMALS MIGRATE …SO DO PEOPLE