Horticulture 23 Oct 2015

ADVISORY 23 Sep 2015

Entry Task Take out… Study Guide

Agenda Entry Task Learning Objectives Housekeeping Group Text Analysis Greenhouse

Quiz 4 Clear off your desks. Remember this is an exam. No talking. Keep your eyes on your own paper. Do not write on the question sheet. When you are finished: Place the question sheet and your answer sheet on the front table face down. Read “Plant Organs and Their Functions” in your packet. - Roots Learned. Primary producers create energy-rich carbohydrates through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Consumers get their energy from eating other organisms. Food Chain on Page 73, Figure 3-7. In terrestrial food chains the primary producers consist of plants In marine food chains primary producers are a mixture of floating algae and phytoplankton.

Housekeeping Quiz 4 tomorrow, 24 Nov. Collect study guide Half day on Wednesday, 25 Nov. Schedule posted Turn in notebooks Turkey Day Holiday, 26 & 27 Nov. NO SCHOOL

Learning Objective(s) Investigate the structures and functions of plant tissues, and factors affecting plant growth. Examine the diversity of vascular plants, including their structures, internal transport systems, and their role in maintaining biodiversity. Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Plant Organs & Their Functions Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Plant Structure and Function Plant Cell Types Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Plant Tissues Meristematic Dermal Ground Vascular Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Plant Structure and Function Plant Organs Roots Stems Leaves Plant Transport Water Nutrients Compare & Contrast Monocots & Dicots Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Roots serve 3 functions: They take in water and dissolved minerals They anchor the plant They store carbohydrates, water, & other nutrients Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots In dryer climates they can go as deep as 50m. The root system can be so large that it makes up more than half the plant’s mass. Most plant roots grow 0.5m – 5m down into the soil. - Into what layer of soil? - Subsoil Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots The root system can be so large that it makes up more than half the plant’s mass. Other plants have relatively shallow branching roots. - 15m in all directions Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Root structure and function Root Cap - Covers the tip of the root - Made of parenchyma cells - Protects growing tissue as root extends into the ground - Produces slimy substance that helps reduce friction Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Root structure and function Apical meristem - Produces new cells that develop into different tissues - Replaces cells removed by friction - Increase the length of the root Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Outer Root Layers Dermal Tissue - Epidermal cells produces root hairs increasing surface area to absorb water & minerals Cortex - Transports & stores water, minerals, & food - All materials must pass through the cortex to enter the vascular tissue Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Outer Root Layers Endodermis - Inside edge of the cortex - Surrounded by waterproof band (“Caspirian Strip”) - Acts as a control point for materials entering the vascular system. Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Inner Root Layers Center of the root Vascular tissues - Xylem - Phloem - Arrangement is different in monocots & dicots Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Inner Root Layers Monocots - Xylem forms rings around central core - Core of the cells is called the “pith” - Phloem cells surrounds the xylem Dicots - Xylem forms an X or star shape - Phloem cells are between the arms of the star Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Roots Types of Root Systems Taproot - Thick root with smaller lateral branching roots - Some plant use taproot to store food (carrots) Fibrous Root - Many smaller branching roots - Usually the same size & grow from a central point - Some modified to provide extra support or store food - Some aquatic plant roots have aerenchyma (spongy tissue that allows the passage of oxygen) Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Question Worksheet Stems Leaves Differentiating Flowering Plants: Dicots & Monocots * Posted on webpage under /Horticulture Assignments Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Stems Many types from soft & flexible (herbaceous) to hard & rigid (woody). Annuals are herbaceous and contain chloroplasts for performing photosynthesis Perennials Dicots - Xylem forms an X or star shape - Phloem cells are between the arms of the star Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Plants Water and dissolved nutrients move through plants by 3 processes. Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Plants Diffusion Net movement of particles from area of high concentration to low concentration. Occurs till the concentration of both side is equal. Osmosis Movement of water molecules to either side of membrane until concentration is balanced Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Plants Active Transport Active movement of sugars & nutrients across cell membranes Requires energy Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Xylem Xylem transports water through the roots up to the stem by osmosis. Within the stem water moves by diffusion. Long distance transport in plants is accomplished by 2 processes. Root pressure = positive pressure = pushing Transpirational pull = negative pressure = pulling Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Xylem Root Pressure Mechanism that pushes water & minerals up the plant. Occurs because of positive pressure. Guttation - process where droplets form on leaves due to high root pressure, humidity & low rate of transpiration. Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Xylem Minerals move into roots against the concentration gradient through active transport. The higher concentration of dissolved minerals causes more water to move in by osmosis. Creating positive pressure Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Xylem Transpirational Pull Creates negative pressure the strongest force for long distance transport of water & dissolved minerals. Transpiration = loss of water due to evaporation through the stomata of the leaves. Cohesion = force of attraction between water molecules. Adhesion = water molecules adhere, or stick, to the xylem walls. Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Transport in Phloem Translocation Transport of sucrose & other organic molecules through the phloem. Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Leaves Minerals move into roots against the concentration gradient through active transport. Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9. What do you notice about this food web? What does the orange arrows represent? In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers. - Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting). What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web? - What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about population interactions?

Exit Tickets What are chloroplasts? Explain their importance to plants.