Objective: How can we describe the basic characteristics of plants Objective: How can we describe the basic characteristics of plants? Do Now: Name all the plants you saw today

List The 5 Characteristics of Plants They perform photosynthesis to make GLUCOSE. Can NOT move from place to place. They have CELL WALLS for support. They are MULTICELLULAR and have SPECIALIZED tissues. Must have LIGHT, CO2, H2O, O2, and minerals.

What is VASCULAR TISSUE?? - tube-like cells that transport food & water through a plant. How does vascular tissue help a plant? - allows plants to be large organisms since it enables them to transport important nutrients from one part of a plant to another.

What are the 2 kinds of vascular tissue? XYLEM – carries H2o from roots (zylum) to leaves. PHLOEM – FOOD from leaves to (flowum) roots and vice versa.

What are the 2 kinds of plants. 1 What are the 2 kinds of plants? 1. Vascular = TRACHEOPHYTES plants that have roots, stems and leaves. Ex: trees, flowers, grasses, ferns 2. Non-vascular = BRYOPHYTES plants WITH NO roots, stems, or leaves. Ex: mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Objective: How can we describe Roots, Stems, and Leaves Objective: How can we describe Roots, Stems, and Leaves? Do Now: Describe some characteristics of Plants.

organs of vascular plants (usually below ground). What is a ROOT?? organs of vascular plants (usually below ground). What are the FUNCTIONS of a root? Anchor a plant to the ground Collect water & minerals from the soil Store food, vitamins, minerals

What are the 2 KINDS OF ROOTS? TAP ROOT large slender root used to store food Ex: carrot, radish, dandelion FIBROUS ROOT long branching roots. Ex: trees, grass

ROOT TIP DIAGRAM: ROOT HAIR – absorbs H2O CORTEX – stores food EPIDERMIS – protective layer ROOT CAP – protects root tip PHLOEM – carries food XYLEM – carries H2O up to leaves GROWTH REGION – dividing cells, area of growth.

Cross Section of a root

What is a STEM? organ which connects roots & leaves. FUNCTIONS: supports leaves for light Stores food Contain vascular tissue to transport food & water.

What are the TYPES OF STEMS? HERBACEOUS soft, green, flexible live 1-2 years can do photosynthesis ex: grass, tulips, weeds WOODY hard, brown, rigid live many years cannot do photosynthesis ex: shrubs, trees

What are the rings in a tree trunk? layers of old xylem cells. New xylem is formed every year by the CAMBIUM **Rings do not form in herbaceous stems.

What is a LEAF? plant organ that produces food (glucose) by photosynthesis. LEAF DIAGRAM: CUTICLE – waxy layer, prevents H2O loss EPIDERMIS –clear, protective layer of cells PALLISADE LAYER- most photosynthesis occurs here; cells w/lots of chloroplasts SPONGY LAYER-little photosynthesis here VEIN – vascular tissue (xylem & phloem) STOMATE – pore for gas exchange GUARD CELLS – open & close stomates

How do plants make their own food? by the process of photosynthesis They use CHLOROPHYLL (green pigment) to trap light energy and store the energy in glucose. Formula for photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + sunlight + chlorophyll  C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

How does the plant get the reactants? CO2 – enters leaf thru stomates H2O – roots absorb it & xylem carries it to leaf LIGHT – from the sun ENZYMES & CHLOROPHYLL are made by the cells in the leaf.

What does the plant do with the products? GLUCOSE – broken down for energy by mitochondria during respiration OXYGEN + WATER are excreted through the stomates.

What is the relationship between photosynthesis & respiration? THEY ARE OPPOSITES! Respiration releases energy while Photosynthesis stores energy How are the reactants different? respiration – glucose & O2 photosynthesis – energy, CO2, H2O

How are the products different? Resp. – energy, CO2, H2O PS. - glucose & O2 Where do they occur in the cell? Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of ALL cells. PS occurs in the chloroplasts of SOME leaf cells. Resp. = C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy PS = CO2 + H2O + light C6H12O6 + O2