Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic factor: living, or once living, factor in an ecosystem

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Abiotic factor: physical, or non living, factor in an ecosystem – Abiotic factors were NEVER living

Characteristics of Living Things

Universal genetic code (DNA) Made up of cells How do we know something is alive?

Reproduction Growth and development How do we know something is alive?

Response to environment Energy How do we know something is alive?

Maintain stable internal environment (homeostasis) Adaptation and Evolution How do we know something is alive?

Is it ALIVE?! Chalk Fire Earthworm Apple seed Pine tree Mildew Sand Potato Rose bush Ocean Corn Mouse Dirt Virus Mushroom Frog Snake Milk Blood Chair As a pair, tell me whether each object above is alive or not alive. Explain your reasoning for each using what you just learned about living vs. non-living things.

Classification of Living Things

How are organisms classified? Similarities in: – Habitat – Adaptations – DNA sequences and number of genes – Evolutionary relationships Homologous structures Similarities in embryology

Cladograms Shows evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms Derived characters: characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in older members

Hierarchy of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kingdoms Five Kingdoms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Six Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Animals Multicellular Heterotrophic No cell walls

Types of Heterotrophs Heterotroph: cannot make it’s own food – Must eat to obtain energy Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Parasite filter feeder Detritus feeder (Detrivore)

Animal Phyla Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Annelids (Annelida) Nematoda Echinoderm (Echinodermata) Arthropods (arthropoda) Mollusks (molussca) Chordates (chordata)

Characteristics of all Chordates Have 4 common characteristics for at least one stage of life – Dorsal, hollow nerve cord – Notochord (support structure below the nerve cord) – Pharyngeal pouches – Tail that extends beyond the anus Most chordates are vertebrates

Types of Vertebrates Myxini - hagfishes Cephalaspidomorpha - lampreys Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fishes Osteichthyes - bony fishes Amphibia - frogs, toads, salamanders Reptilia - turtles, snakes, lizards Aves - birds Mammalia - mammals