Global Water Partnership: Sustainable Development and Management of Water – using Earth Observation in SDG’s CSIRO EARTH OBSERVATION & INFORMATICS ARNOLD DEKKER

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 2 | EARTH OBSERVATION FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CURRENT USE AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WATER SECTOR Luis E. García Diego Rodríguez Marcus Wijnen Editors © 2015 The World Bank [UArizonalogo

Purpose –Part of the initiative of the WB Water Partnership Program (WPP) dedicated to inform the use of remote sensing technology in the water resources decision-making processes when advantageous and/or facing in-situ data constraints. Audience –World Bank staff –Biophysical science and social scientists related to water management Goals: –Review the current use of EO for water related issues –Describe the current state of the art of water related EO –Suggest the likely near-future (10 y) developments –Provide recommendations to the WPP The WB EO of Water Resources Scoping Report Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

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Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 5 | WRM problem to be solved; Institutions; Relevant stakeholders Conditions of data network, data sharing possibility, existing monitoring and models, etc. Adequacy of field observations EO potential use EO product suitability: Spatial resolution Temporal resolution (revisit frequency) Record length In situ data requirements Reliability Accuracy Maturity Complexity Step 1INITIAL SCREENING 1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE 1DETERMINE EO PRODUCT SUITABILITY WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR WORLD BANK PURPOSES ONLY. PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 6 | WRM problem to be solved; Institutions; Relevant stakeholders Conditions of data network, data sharing possibility, existing monitoring and models, etc. Adequacy of field observations EO potential use EO product suitability: Spatial resolution Temporal resolution (revisit frequency) Record length In situ data requirements Reliability Accuracy Maturity Complexity Step 1INITIAL SCREENING 1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE 1DETERMINE EO PRODUCT SUITABILITY WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR WORLD BANK PURPOSES ONLY. PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 7 | WRM problem to be solved; Institutions; Relevant stakeholders Conditions of data network, data sharing possibility, existing monitoring and models, etc. Adequacy of field observations EO potential use EO product suitability: Spatial resolution Temporal resolution (revisit frequency) Record length In situ data requirements Reliability Accuracy Maturity Complexity Step 1INITIAL SCREENING 1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE 1DETERMINE EO PRODUCT SUITABILITY WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR WORLD BANK PURPOSES ONLY. PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE

Do the same for SDG’s?? Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 8 | WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR WORLD BANK PURPOSES ONLY. PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE

Suggestion: Should GEO make a “guide-decision tree “ for statistical organisations (once final indicators are established) on the use of earth observation information for UN SDG indicators? SDG indicator to be reported on Institutions & relevant stakeholders Conditions of data network, data sharing, existing monitoring and models, etc. Adequacy of field observations EO potential use EO product suitability: Spatial resolution Temporal resolution (revisit frequency) Record length In situ data requirements Reliability Accuracy Maturity Complexity Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 9 |

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 10 |

GEO Water Quality Community of Practice Advocacy White paper to NRC Biennial WQ research agenda paper End User Engagement User work plan GEO Secretariat Activities Web Page Quarterly calls Interaction w/ other SBAs Interactions with International /Govt. Agencies World Bank,WHO UNEP, UNSD Science and Product Assessment Biennial WQ research agenda paper Catalogue of existing services Capacity Building Training Webinars IOCCG Water Quality Working Group Chapter writing Review Development of Validation program UN SDG nr 6 Water & water Resources Cooperative Global Research Applications Projects Graduate special projects supported by agency/universities Coordinated global research collaborations between multiply countries/agencies Community of Practice Programmatic Activities Fast track One global product WQ Monitoring Service Development WQ Monitoring Service Operationalization WQ Monitoring and Forecasting Service Evolution and addition of forecasting service Flagship Development (Increasing Resources required) Short term 1-5 years WQ Monitoring and Forecasting Service Development and Operation Long term 5-10 years Exec. CommitteeSecretariat Office Near term 0-1 year

Example : Ambient Water Quality A Proposed indicator: P and N concentrations as a measure of eutrophication. We proposed that this will be hard to measure in over 10’s millions water bodies across their length and width globally. Another indicator of eutrophication can be increased turbidity due to phytoplankton growth and in hypertrophic circumstances algal blooms (other indicators exist too around macrophytes etc.) Turbidity, Secchi Disk Transparency, Vertical Attenuation of Light, Total Suspended Matter, Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter and Chlorophyll and Cyanobacterial pigment concentrations can already be measured from space.==========  logical solution for assessing ambient water quality! Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 12 |

Cyanobacteria Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 13 |

Examples of space-based images of algal blooms Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 14 | Images courtesy of ESA, Brockman consulting, Steve Greb; Mark Matthews

17 th March 2010 Lake Burley Griffin 2 m resolution Mapping seasonal inland water quality variations from WorldView-2 Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter Non Algal Particulates Chlorophyll Cyanophycocyanin

Future Data Access and Analysis Architectures Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 16 | World is moving to better integration of multiple data sources & models Lack of access to vital EO data, especially in less developed countries, hampers global actions and treaties on climate change, loss of biodiversity, food security, water scarcity, disaster response, etc.. Available EO archives at agencies are getting too big New Paradigm & Opportunities: “Bring users (& tools) to the data” Greater potential to integrate remote sensing, in-situ and modelled data and services for GEO. Potential to have a sustainable approach to data archiving – critical to defensible information on contentious topics. Create new platforms that can make collaboration easier, whether between companies, researchers or agencies

Australian Geoscience Data Cube Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker 17 |

Some (already identified) applications for the EO based Australian Geoscience Data Cube: Vegetation change, agricultural production Flood inundation mapping, farm dam development Groundwater dependent ecosystems Wetland management and characterisation Carbon accounting Seagrass, macro-algae and substrate mapping Coastal change and water quality Shallow water bathymetry Mining footprint and urban development Bushfire scar mapping and forestry inventory Location-specific products for mobile platforms “Map my paddock” The Landsat Data Cube | Locate 2014

Earth Observation Informatics FSP Dr Arnold Dekker T M wwww.csiro.au/CLWwww.csiro.au/CLW ‘ Proposed: globally valid water information structured in a manner that with UNSD, UN GGIM, UN-GEMI, UN WATER etc.,,is made suitable for National Statistics Office s to adopt to report on UN SDG 6 indicators and targets. GEO UN SDG Side Event 10 th Nov 2015, Mexico City