Chapter 10 Sect. 1 I.European Immigration A.Eastern and Southern Europe 1. By 1900 over half of all immigrants 2. 14 Million Immigrants between 1860-1900.

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Chapter 10 Sect. 1 I.European Immigration A.Eastern and Southern Europe 1. By 1900 over half of all immigrants Million Immigrants between B. Why they came 1. Employment 2. Avoid military service 3. Religious Freedom 4. Move up Social Ladder

C. The Trip to America 1. Steerage 2. Ellis Island 3. Health Screening D. Cities 1. Ghettos-Neighborhoods separated by ethnic group 2. Same language, religion, etc. E. Who adjusted best? 1. Learned English quickly 2. Those with marketable skills 3. Those with money 4. Those who settled in their own ethnic group

II. Asian Immigrants A. China 1. Unemployment, Poverty and Famine 2. Discovery of Gold in California 3. Taiping Rebellion 4. Demand for railroad workers B. Chinese immigrants worked as 1. Laborers 2. Servants 3. Skilled Tradesmen 4. Merchants 5. Laundry Workers C. Angel Island 1. Sometimes waited for months to enter country

III. Nativism A. Preference for native-born people 1. Desired to limit immigration ’s-50’s Nativism directed towards Irish ’s directed at Asians, Jews, and Eastern Europeans B. Anti-Immigrant Groups 1. American Protective Association a. Anti-Catholic 2. Workingman’s Party of California a. Anti-Chinese C. Chinese Exclusion Act 1. Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years 2. Prevented the Chinese here from becoming citizens.

Section 2 I.Americans migrate to the City A. Urban Population million in million in 1900 B. Working conditions 1. Long Hours 2. Little Pay 3. Standard of living still improved from rural life C. Farmers moved to the city for 1. Better pay2. Electricity 3. Running Water4. Plumbing 5. Entertainment

II. New Urban Environment A. Housing and Transportation needs changed 1. Housing a. Price of land increased b. Built up instead of out-Skyscrapers 2. Transportation a. Horsecar b. Electric trolley c. Elevated Railroad

I.Separation by Class A.Rich – Heart of the city in huge homes B.Middle Class – Out of the city C.Working Class – Tenements – dark, crowded, multi- family Apartments

IV. Urban Problems A. Increased urban population caused many problems 1. Crime 2. Fire 3. Disease 4. Pollution B. Natives blamed crime on the immigrants C. Alcohol contributed to crime problem D. Contaminated drinking water 1. Typhoid Fever and Cholera outbreaks V. Urban Politics A. Political Machines-Essentials for votes B. Party Bosses 1. George Plunket- Irish, NYC 2. Corruption and graft

3. Tammany Hall a. Tammany Hall b. William M. Tweed 4. Thomas and James Pendergast-KC

Section 3 I.Changing Culture A.Guilded Age – Gold on the outside, cheaper on the inside 2. Growth but corruption and poverty underneath B. New way of looking at life 1. new values 2. new art 3. new forms of entertainment C. Individualism- anyone can rise in society 1. Horatio Alger- Rags to Riches novels

II. Social Darwinism A. Herbert Spencer-society evolves through competition B. Laissez-Faire C. Opposed by many Christians D. Andrew Carnegie 1. Gospel of Wealth-The rich should give back 2. Philanthropy-using fortunes to furthers social progress III. Popular Culture A. More money and more leisure time 1. Work and home were separated 2. People wanted to go out and have fun B. Saloons 1. community and political centers 2. free toilets, water for horses, free newspapers, and free lunches

C. Coney Island 1. one of the first amusement parks 2. attracted working class families 3. roller coasters, water slides, railroad rides

D. Vaudeville 1. Theater-variety shows 2. animal acts, acrobats, gymnasts, and dancers E. Ragtime music 1. Scott Joplin