Chapter 2, Section 2 The English Colonies
Main Idea The English established thirteen colonies along the East Coast of North America.
Map of North America (1700) Several European nations had claims in North America.
Map of North America (1763) Eventually- England dominated the continent.
I. Settling the Colonies (39-40) A. The English had the largest influence on the North American colonies. 1. Colonies were founded in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons. 2. One thing in common: English Heritage B. New England Colonies Pilgrims founded Plymouth settlers landed at Massachusetts Bay and built a town called Boston. 3. By mid-1600’s Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire founded.
C. Middle Colonies 1. New York a. originally New Netherland (Dutch) English fleet seized the harbor New Amsterdam (1664) King Charles II gave colony to his brother (Duke of York) b. New York was economical success and became a proprietary colony (owner, or proprietor owned land and controlled the government). Duke of York gave 2 men the southern part of the colony that became NJ 2. New Jersey was a proprietary colony that eventually turned into a royal colony (1702). a. Royal Colony- Owned and ruled directly by the king of England.
3. Pennsylvania founded 1680 by William Penn a. another proprietary colony b. place to implement Quaker ideals of Peace, Equality, and Justice c. offered religious freedom d. many were drawn to new city of Philadelphia 4. Southernmost 3 counties separated from Penn. and became known as Delaware (1704)
D.Southern Colonies 1. Jamestown founded 1607 (Virginia) 2. Maryland founded Proprietors started Carolina and the two parts developed differently. Officially became 2 royal colonies in 1729 North Carolina and South Carolina
4. Georgia- the last English colony founded. a. Created for debtors and poor people to make a fresh start*** b. Georgia was also used as a military barrier to protect British colonies from attack from the Spanish.
II. People of the Colonies (41-43) A. People settled in the colonies for a variety of reasons. 1. Religious freedom 2. Economic gain 3. Some did not come willingly…criminals, prisoners, and African American Slaves.
B. Why did the colonists immigrate??? 1. Religious Dissenters- those who followed a faith other than that of the Church of England (Anglican). Many in New England and Middle Colonies a. Puritans- Founders of Mass. wanted to reform, or purify, Anglican Church b. Pilgrims- Another name for Puritans, these people considered themselves to be on a “religious journey”.
C. Toleration- Rulers of Mass. did not believe in acceptance of other religions. D. Salem Witch Trials 1. Puritans in Salem, Mass held witch trials for those accused of witchcraft residents of Salem were convicted and hanged others died in prison before they were set for execution.
E. Quakers- mainly settled in PA as they saw it as a safe place to freely practice religion. F. George Calvert founded Maryland as a safe home for Catholics G. founded 1644-Rhode Island became the first place to welcome people of all faiths 2. Many colonists came for economic reasons 1. Carolina was a thriving economic area (rice & indigo) 2. Indentured Servants- system that made it possible for poor people to come to the colonies. 3. Land Colonists fought over land with Native Americans.
III. Beginnings of Slavery A. In the South- large estates (Plantations) for developing agriculture were started. 1. Grew rice, tobacco, indigo 2. System is very labor intensive: more workers were needed than could be supplied by immigration and indentured servants 3. Africans were viewed as a solution. 4. Slaves would never be free and are not protected by the law liked indentured servants 5. The Triangular Trade develops. Pattern of trade that developed between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.
Middle Passage (Africans horrendous journey across the Atlantic)