US-Cuban Relations 1890s to the Present
90 miles off the coast…
Spanish-American War, 1898 Spain accused of atrocities against Cubans Yellow Journalism fans the flames US invokes Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary US wins war Gains control of Cuba Platt & Teller Amendments Democratic government set up
Fulgencio Batista, Former Chief of the Armed Forces Batista institutes coup d'état Suspends Constitution Corrupt & repressive dictator… Cuba becomes resort for US rich & famous Casinos, Nightclubs, tropical beaches US organized crime hot-spot Cuba has super-rich and the very poor Political problems grow…
Fidel Castro, Communist Revolutionary Nationalized foreign holdings Instituted literacy program Allied with USSR & Red China Executed, imprisoned opponents Hundreds of thousands flee to US US response: 1960, End trade 1961, Cut off diplomatic ties Castro and members of the East German Politburo, 1972
Bay of Pigs, April 1961 JFK needs to looks strong Young, inexperienced CIA plan 1,400 Cuban exiles trained Expected simultaneous uprising of the Cuban people FIASCO JFK takes full responsibility Invasion pushes Castro closer to the USSR
Operation Mongoose New CIA sponsored operations Sabotage and assassination attempts Burned cane fields, blew up factories & power plants Lace cigar w/poison, explode giant clamshells where he snorkeled Castro/Khrushchev believe US will invade again Need to strengthen Cuba’s defenses USSR supports Cuba Supplies weapons, officers & technicians
The Missiles of October, 1962 US spy planes discover USSR secretly building installations for 40 nukes US demands removal Quarantine Soviets warn it could lead to WWIII JFK moves to get international backing OAS votes unanimously to support US
13 Days: A Timeline 10/14 US spy planes discover nuke silos 10/16 JFK gathers Exec committee 10/20 JFK decides on blockade 10/22 JFK announces blockade on TV 10/24 Quarantine goes into effect; US on DEFCON 2 10/26-27 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev & President John Kennedy exchange telegrams… WHY DID THE USSR REMOVE ITS MISSILE SILOS AND NOT PUT NUKES IN CUBA?