US Relations with Latin America Background (1800s-1945) Overview of Cold War policy relevant to unit 4 (1945-2001) Overview of US policy relevant to unit.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER
Advertisements

UNIT 8 US FOREIGN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA, 1898 TO :1 US overseas expansion: US policy toward Latin America was based on the USs self-interest. The.
American Government Chapter 17
Revolutions, Repression, and Democratic Reform in Latin America
Monroe Doctrine It was made by President James Monroe in his seventh annual address to the Congress of the United States on December 2, it eventually.
United States-Latin American Foreign Policy
The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century. Standard 14.
1. Chinese Exclusion Act & anti-Asian immigration sentiment : In earlier decades, Asians had immigrated to California and other areas of the American.
Chapter 17 Section 3 A New Foreign Policy.
U.S. Cold War Policy in Latin America Neglect -> rediscover -> resist -> military or covert action…repeat?
Imperialism in Latin America Monroe Doctrine of 1823 "the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and.
Milestones in U.S. Foreign Policy: Latin America.
The “Big Stick” America Why a Changes in Foreign Policy?  US new world power  Foreign policy was a realm for President to expand his power.
Begin $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 IMPORTANT EVENTS EVENTSIMPORTANTPEOPLE ASIA AND THE COLD WAR COLD WAR USA AND THE COLD WAR OTHER KEY TERMS.
US involvement in Latin America. Why get involved  Protect economic interests  Stop the infiltration of socialists and communist - fear of communism.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
United States Involvement in Latin America
Latin American attempts at independence in relation to American Interference  
UNIT 7: THE EMERGENCE OF THE AMERICAS IN GLOBAL AFFAIRS,
Aim: How did Ronald Reagan deal with foreign and domestic issues? Do Now: Define Domestic Policy HW: 981 #1, study for quiz.
Latin America: Revolution and Reaction in to the 21 st Century.
America in the Caribbean
American Imperialism Daily Learning Goal: I can provide written evidence to explain why the United States became an Imperialist nation in the late 1800s.
World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO Latin America: Revolution and Reaction.
COLD WAR CONTAINMENT CONFLICTS. The Truman Doctrine and Containment 1947: British help Greek government fight communist guerrillas. They appealed to.
William H. Taft Republican President Dollar Diplomacy.
Revolution and Intervention. Trends in Latin America Roots of problems in Latin America come from colonialism After WWII, Turning to industrialization.
Developing U.S. Foreign Policy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Good Neighbor Policy Summary Prompt: Assess the change in American Involvement in Latin.
 There have been numerous interventions by the USA into Latin American countries during the 19 th century  We will examine a few: Nicaragua.
AN AGE OF REVOLUTIONS Osvaldo Jordan September 8, 2008.
Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsKennedy and the Cold War Section 1 Explain the steps Kennedy took to change American foreign policy. Analyze the.
The United States and Its Latin American Neighbors: A Primer.
Latin America After WWII. IB Objectives Spread of Cold War from Europe Spread of Cold War from Europe US Foreign Policy during the Cold War US Foreign.
8. AMERICA BUILDS AN EMPIRE. AMERICA’S FOREIGN POLICY Foreign Policy consists of a country’s policies towards other nations. The Spanish American War.
SOL Review Materials for Unit Four
Cuba World Studies February 20. I. Background Monroe Doctrine (1823): US stated the American continents were no longer open to colonization by European.
Imperialism in Latin America. Economic Imperialism End of the 1800s: the United States & Europe were buying large amounts of products form Latin America.
Cold War Part II Page 27 East Germany - especially East Berlin became the focus of the Cold War.
Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson.
Latin America BSR6. Post WWII Many countries were ruled by authoritarians. Decades after Perón’s exit from office spawned the “dirty war” in Argentina.
By: Paige Shrum. The Monroe Doctrine was articulated in President James Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress on December 2, The European.
Mr. Hood U.S. History.  As the smoke from the Spanish-American War cleared, Puerto Rico came under direct U.S. rule.  Foraker Act- established a civil.
APUSH DAY 63 Feb. 12,  Roosevelt wanted to build a canal in Panama to link the Pacific and Atlantic oceans  French company had acquired the rights.
Presidential Doctrines Review From Monroe to Reagan.
Cuba. Platt Amendment An amendment added to the new Cuban constitution after the Spanish-American War that attempted to protect Cuba’s independence from.
US and Latin America US - Latin America Relations Historical overviews of the complex relations between the United States and its southern neighbors. US.
The Cold War Brrrrr….it’s getting cold in here!!!.
U.S. Imperialism Vocabulary List
The Cold War. The Cold War Refers to the political, economic, and military tensions between the United States and Soviet Union (USSR) (The US.
What happened at the Bay of Pigs? JFK sent in troops to stage a coup to overthrow Fidel Castro of Cuba JFK was defeated and humiliated.
 Beginning with Haiti and running through the 1830s, most of the colonial possessions in Central and South America gained their independence.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
American Imperialism.
Cold War in Latin America
The Spanish American War and The United States and Latin America
US HISTORY REMEDIATION LESSON TOPIC: Big Stick (Roosevelt) & the Great White Fleet BENCHMARK: SS.912.A.4.1 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did Roosevelts advocating.
DON’T COPY. How does the political cartoon “School Begins” depict American imperialism so far?
US Foreign policy
U.S. Foreign Policy GOVT Notes 4-5.
The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century. Standard 14.
Historic Foreign Policy Decisions
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Latin American attempts at independence in relation to American Interference  
Latin America in the 20th Century
Focus Question: How has U. S
Imperialism in Latin America
Historical Policies The President.
The Spanish American War and The United States and Latin America
The United States and Latin America
Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21st Century
Presentation transcript:

US Relations with Latin America Background (1800s-1945) Overview of Cold War policy relevant to unit 4 ( ) Overview of US policy relevant to unit 7 ( )

Monroe Doctrine Announced at James Monroe’s State of the Union Address. – European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with the affairs of the newly independent states of the Americas – The U.S. would not interfere with existing colonies or their dependencies in the Western Hemisphere. – However, any attempt by a European nation to oppress or control any nation in the western hemisphere would be seen as an act of aggression and the U.S. would intervene. No European nation cared about statements 1 and 3.

Spanish-American War First US foreign war US ends up with colonies (Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico) and dominance in Cuba Enforces the idea that the US will dominate the Western Hemisphere

Platt Amendment 1901 Stipulated the conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba since the Spanish-American War, and defined the terms of Cuban-U.S. relations until the 1934 Treaty of Relations. – Cuba would not transfer Cuban land to any power other than the United States, – Cuba would contract no foreign debt without guarantees that the interest could be served from ordinary revenues, – ensured U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs when the United States deemed necessary, – prohibited Cuba from negotiating treaties with any country other than the United States

Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Issued in 1904 as a result of European intervention in Venezuela (international dimension) and to safeguard US presence in Central America and the Caribbean. Fully-fledged unilateral intervention became official US foreign policy toward Latin America:

Panama Canal – built Key to expansion of US trade within the US and between the US and the Pacific rim Controlled by the US Requires US to ensure shipping in Caribbean is open and safe for US trade

Good Neighbor Policy In President Franklin Roosevelt's inaugural address, he promised to improve relations with Latin America by stating: – "In the field of world policy, I dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor — the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others." FDR’s Sec. of State, Cordell Hull – Sought to ensure non-hostile neighbors south of the border and – secure Latin American cooperation in the war effort by maintaining the flow of petroleum & raw materials.

Good Neighbor Policy Under Hull’s stewardship: – Low tariffs improved the economies of the Latin American countries that had been hurt by the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930, especially for Cuban sugar. – Hull convened the Seventh Montevideo-Pan-American Conference in 1933 in Uruguay, where he committed to a policy of non-intervention into the affairs of Latin American countries. As evidence of his commitment, U.S. Marines were removed from Haiti in 1934 and Congress signed a treaty with Cuba nullifying the Platt Amendment

Cold War concerns for the US in Latin America Hemispheric security – no Communism in the region; continued dominance of the US and maintenance of the region as a US sphere of influence Maintenance of Latin America as a source for raw materials and place for the sale of US products – this economic dominance must be unchallenged and uninterrupted

US Cold War policy towards Latin America Support for pro-US governments – primarily financial support for Latin American militaries Pro-US governments are governments that: – Promise to be anti-Communist – Promise to promote stability (meaning to support economic and social systems that allow continued profitability for US businesses) Some leaders claim to be anti-Communist in order to receive US economic support to maintain their own power in the face of local demands for change and more equal societies Confusion over demands for more equal, just and democratic societies in Latin America by Latin Americans – these are interpreted as Communist or Soviet influence rather than the needs of local people

Truman’s Latin America policies ( ) : 2% of US foreign aid went to Latin America (mostly to support militaries) – US foreign policy much more focused on Europe and Asia and Communism Rio Treaty – 1947 Creation of the Organization of American States – 1948 No regional economic assistance like the Marshall Plan despite significant need for economic development in the region Mutual Security Act of 1951

Eisenhower’s Latin America policies ( ) Assumption that domino theory applies in Latin America as well Due to aftermath of Korean War, desire to avoid direct US military involvement in the region – Use CIA to intervene (by covertly funding local groups, propaganda campaigns and military organizations) – Train local militaries in counterinsurgency tactics

Eisenhower’s Latin America policies ( ) 1954 – Guatemala – Covert CIA support to overthrow democratically elected reformist president Jacobo Arbenz Gúzman – Support for leaders who will maintain dominance of United Fruit Company in the country 1959 – Cuban Revolution -Resistance to revolution once nationalization begins

Kennedy’s Latin America policies ( ) Cuba – Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis and its aftermath – the Cuban model must not spread elsewhere in Latin America Alliance for Progress 1961 – ten year plan to: – Increase per capita income – Diversify trade – Industrialize & increase employment – Stabilize prices – Eliminate adult illiteracy – Social and economic reform

Kennedy’s Latin America policies ( ) Alliance for Progress is not particularly successful – US aid was $10 per person over ten years – Required Latin American governments to spend four times more than US government did – Latin American governments resisted spending money to redistribute wealth and power – Some of the money ended up supporting the growth of military and police forces used to suppress dissent and rebellion

Lyndon Johnson’s Latin America policies ( ) Maintain the Alliance for Progress The Cuban model must not spread Cooperate publicly and actively support all anti- Communist governments, whether or not they were dictatorships – 1964 – support for military coup in Brazil – 1965 – sent troops to support dictator in Dominican Republic Clandestine support for pro-US democratic governments in Chile

Richard Nixon’s policies in Latin America ( ) End the Alliance for Progress (1973) The Cuban model must not spread Clandestine support for pro-US democratic governments in Chile Clandestine and public opposition to Salvador Allende, socialist president of Chile Clandestine support for the overthrow of Allende in 1973 and the military dictatorship that followed

Gerald Ford’s policies in Latin America ( ) The Cuban model must not spread Continued support for the military dictatorship in Chile Support for the military dictatorship in Argentina (took over in 1976)

Jimmy Carter’s policies on Latin America ( ) Focus on human rights and support for developing democracy rather than automatic support for any anti-Communist government The Cuban model must not spread Torrijos-Carter Treaty (1977) – promised to give control of the Panama Canal to Panama in – revolution in Nicaragua and civil war in El Salvador (US does not automatically oppose the Nicaraguan rebels even though they are Communist)

Ronald Reagan’s policies in Latin America ( ) Restore previous assumptions about the dangers of Soviet and Communist influence The Cuban model must not spread Support for counterrevolutionary forces in Nicaragua (Contras) 1983 invasion of Grenada Support Argentine military dictatorship until 1982 and Chilean dictatorship until mid-1980s Support for right wing government and death squads in El Salvador

George H.W. Bush’s policies in Latin America ( ) Cold War ends – Soviet influence is no longer a danger but Cuban influence is Continued support for Nicaraguan counterrevolutionaries (Contras) Invasion of Panama in December 1989

Bill Clinton’s policies towards Latin America ( ) NAFTA Haiti Summit of the Americas Cuba: Torricelli Act Helms-Burton Act Elian Gonzalez case 4.Sale of food, agricultural products begins 5.US news organizations permitted to open bureaus in Cuba