Habitat and Niche

Individuals Population Growth Species Primary Secondary Succession Interactions Density Distribution Habitat NicheDensity

 Where an animal lives  All abiotic and biotic factors Habitat Habitat

INCLUDES:  Food it eats  Abiotic factors  Behavior

Same habitat and similar Niche

 Competitive exclusion- 2 species compete the one better suited will push the other out or to extinction.

Competitive Exclusion: Introduced Species

 Niche partitioning= 2 squirrel species naturally divided resources based on competitive advantage.  Evolutionary response= 2 species could have experienced divergent evolution resulting in different teeth size.  Both outcomes allow coexistence.

 Competition : 2 organisms fight for the same limited resources.  Interspecific-competition between different species. Eg. lawn different weeds.  Intraspecific-competition between members of same species. Eg. Birds in breeding season, males tolerate birds of different species in territory.

Predation:  One organism captures and feeds on another organism. Eg. Snakes.

 3 Main types:  Mutualism- interspecies interaction where both organisms benefit from relationship.  Commensalism- relationship between 2 organisms in which one receives an ecological benefit.  Parasitism- relationship where one species directly harms the other.

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

 # of individuals area 3 Types:  Clumped  Uniform  Random

 Diagram of surviving members over time from measured births.

Population Growth Patterns  Immigration-into from another population  Emigration-out of and into another pop.  Exponential growth:

Logistic Growth  Limited resources most have this type.  Period of slow growth  Brief exponential  Levels of when stable= Also called Carrying Capacity

 Population Crash- sudden decline, rapidly.  Limiting factor- factor with greatest effect in keeping population size down.  2 Types:  Density-dependent  Density- independent

Limiting Factors Density-Dependent  Competition  Predation  Parasitism or Disease

Density-Independent  Unusual Weather  Natural Disasters  Human Activities

 Sequence of biotic changes that regenerate damaged communities or in a previously uninhabited area Primary- development of uninhabited area.

 Reestablishment of damaged ecosystem with soil intact.