Introduction of RFID Presented by Group 2 Group member: Ailane Mohamed Toufik, Aouaidjia Kamel, Li Lu, Mohammed Salam Mohammed Ali, Touati Mohamed Tamim, Xiaofeng Hou, Yanan Xu

Before we begin to introduce RFID, let’s see a video first

What is RFID? Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects.  The definition of RFID

Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us Similar technologies Challenges of widely adopting RFID The list of all we’ll talk about

Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us Similar technologies Challenges of widely adopting RFID

History of RFID First the history of RFID

History of RFID The developing trend of RFID

Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us Similar technologies Challenges of widely adopting RFID

Principles of RFID communication Second, the basic principle of RFID

RFID Tags A paper label with RFID inside Main component of RFID system: 1. tags, it is composed of an antenna and a microchip containing a small amount of data, then outside there is the encapsulation an antenna, printed, etched or stamped ... … and a chip attached to it … on a substrate e.g. a plastic foil ...

RFID Tags

RFID Tags Tags are divided into three groups Based on power type, there are five types of tags

RFID Readers Main component of RFID systems: 2. RFID readers, Consists of an RF module, a control unit, and a coupling element to interrogate tags via RF communication Functions: – Remotely power tags – Establish a bidirectional data link – Inventory tags, filter results – Communicate with networked server(s) – Can read 100300 tags per second

RFID Antenna & Database Both tags and readers contain one or more antennas. RFID databases associate tag-identifying data with arbitrary records. These records may contain product information, tracking logs, sales data, or expiration dates. Independent databases may be built throughout a supply chain by unrelated users, or may be integrated in a centralized or federated database system.

Principles of RFID communication The basic principle of RFID

Operating Frequency Classified by frequency

Characteristics of RFID: Large storage capacity. Information can be read from a distance that reaches 200 meters. RFID can operate in multiple environments (Darkness, water …). RFID is easy to use and suitable for automatic information.

Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us Similar technologies Challenges of widely adopting RFID

RFID around us Third, the application of RFID: 1. storage 2. Shopping 3. library

RFID around us Third, the application of RFID: 1. storage 2. Identification 3. Access control

RFID around us Attendee Tracking Race timing IT Asset Tracking Laundry Management RTLS (Real Time Location System) …

Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us Similar technologies Challenges of widely adopting RFID

Similar technologies There are many similar technologies with RFID in many applications: --Barcode & QRcode --Magnetic Stripe Cards --Smart Cards --SIM Cards --Biometric Then the comparison of RFID and other similar technologies

Barcode & QRcode Represent data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines, which may be crossed or uncrossed.

Magnetic Stripe Cards Cards Contents on the cards Card Reader Store data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. Used in financial cards generally, as well as in driver's licenses of some countries. Cards Contents on the cards Card Reader

Smart Cards Cards Card reader Is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. Widely used in financial cards, ID cards, access control and so on for its flexibility, reservation and many other good qualities. Cards Card reader

SIM Cards Cards Components of the card Card reader Cards Customized service of smart cards. Mainly used in mobile devices, i.e. mobile phones, as well as financial cards. Cards Components of the card Card reader Cards

Biometric Eyes recognition Fingerprint recognition Face recognition Use human characteristics for access control, identification and other purpose similarly. A controversial technology for it is unknown to human health. Besides, it is merely impossible to recover the relative data once it is lost or disappearing. Eyes recognition Fingerprint recognition Face recognition palm recognition

Comparison of Similar technologies Strengths Weaknesses Barcode & QRcode Low-cost, simple Easy to be copied Magnetic Strip Card Used widely A mature technology Limited security Smart Card Flexible, Memorable Ineffective for low-cost applications RFID Simple, effective Data without encryption SIM Card Customized service Limited apps scenarios Biometric High-security Hard to be recovered Each of them has individual application scenarios. It hard to say which is the best or worst. For example, if we only use RFID, which is without data encryption for financial cards, it will make unbelievable loss of financial data. In reverse, Smart cards are high-cost for library systems or stores than Barcode or RAID. Besides, there are applications, which combine some or all of them to get better abilities.

Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us Similar technologies Challenges of widely adopting RFID

Challenges of widely adopting RFID security problem surrounding the privacy of data captured –the characteristics associated with nature of RFID. Solution: Tag deactivation and encryption Mutual authentication Detection in tag own ship Encryption/rewriting & hiding/blocking tags … Finally the challenges

Challenges of widely adopting RFID Other anomalies: --Error-prone data --Duplicate readings when data is observed twice rather than once -- Missing readings --… Solution: Positioning the tags at the front Use of weight … Finally the challenges

The future of RFID(Conclusion) In one hand, because of the raising controversies regarding the health impact on the human body (scientific studies have proven the danger of the radio waves on health) Besides, supermarkets are not widely investing in the RFID simply because they are very costly compared to the barcode technology. RFID is facing a negative future. In the other hand, a bright future can be foresighted to this technology thanks to the big raising number of both articles and patents. The wide use of this technology in various places (access control contactless payment …) will hell help reduce production costs. In the end, show the expectation of RFID

End Q & A

Thanks ~

Reference Want, R. (2006). "An introduction to RFID technology." Pervasive Computing, IEEE 5(1): 25-33. Wu, N. C., et al. (2006). "Challenges to global RFID adoption." Technovation 26(12): 1317-1323. Ngai, E. W. T., et al. (2008). "RFID research: An academic literature review (1995–2005) and future research directions." International Journal of Production Economics 112(2): 510-520. Landt, J. (2005). "The history of RFID." Potentials, IEEE 24(4): 8-11. Juels, A. (2006). "RFID security and privacy: a research survey." Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on 24(2): 381-394.

Principles of RFID communication Near-field

Principles of RFID communication Far-field